| A | B |
|---|
| the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experiment | empiricism |
| an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind | structuralism |
| a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function—how they enable the organism to adapt, survive and flourish | functionalism |
| the scientific study of behavior and mental processes | psychology |
| the long-standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors | nature-nurture issue |
| the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations | natural selection |
| pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base | basic research |
| scientific study that aims to solve practical problems | applied research |
| a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders | clinical psychology |
| a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example drugs) treatments as well as psychological therapy | psychiatry |
| historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth | humanistic psychology |
| a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being | counseling psychology |
| an integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis | biopsychosocial approach |
| the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon | levels of analysis |
