| A | B |
|---|
| a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
| a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes | genes |
| every nongenetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us | environment |
| the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environment influences on behavior | behavior genetics |
| the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in its chromosomes. | gnome |
| the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations | natural selection |
| random errors in gene replication that leads to a change in the sequence of nucleotides; the source of all genetic diversity | mutation |
| in psychology, the characteristics, whether biologically or socially influenced, by which people define male and female | gender |
| twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two | identical twins |
| a person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity | temperament |
| the dependence of the effect of one factor (such as environment) on another factor (such as heredity) | interaction |
| the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next | culture |
| an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. | norm |
| the sex chromosome found in both men and women | X chromosome |
| the sex chromosome found only in males | Y chromosome |
| the most important of the male sex hormones, found in both males and females, but the greater amount found in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty | testosterone |
| a set of expected behaviors for males and for females | gender role |
| one’s sense of being male or female | gender identity |
| the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and being rewarded or punished | social learning theory |
| the theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what it means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly | gender schema theory |
| threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes | chromosomes |
| the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. | heritability |
| the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes | molecular genetics |
| the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind. Using principles of natural selection | evolutionary psychology |
| the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies | personal space |
| giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications | individualism |
| giving priority to the goals of one’s group ( often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly | collectivism |
| physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone | aggression |
| twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment | fraternal twins |
| a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave | role |
| a set of expected behaviors for males and for females | gender role |
