| A | B |
|---|
| the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing | monism |
| the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact | dualism |
| the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations | THC |
| a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition | ecstasy |
| drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes | amphetamines |
| opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety | opiates |
| drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment | barbituates |
| psychedelic (“mind manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input | hallucinogens |
| drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines and cocaine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions | stimulants |
| drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions | depressants |
| psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions | psychological dependence |
| the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effects | tolerance |
| a social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur | hypnosis |
| according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream | larent content |
| according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream | manifest content |
| a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified | night terrors |
| a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessation of breathing during sleep and consequently momentary reawakenings | sleep apnea |
| a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks | narcolepsy |
| recurring problems in falling or staying asleep | insomnia |
| the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep | delta waves |
| periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness-as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation | sleep |
| the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state | alpha waves |
| a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed, but other body systems are active. | REM sleep |
| the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur in a 24-hour cycle | circadian rhythm |
| our awareness of ourselves and our environment | consciouosness |
| periodic physiological fluctuations | biological rhythms |
| false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus | hallucinations |
| a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. | dream |
| the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep) | REM rebound |
| a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors | posthypnotic suggestion |
| a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others | dissociation |
| a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood | hallucinations |
| the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug | withdrawal |
| a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. | physical dependence |
| compulsive drug craving and use | addiction |
| a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time appear to reduce baseline dopamine levels | methamphetimine |
| a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also know as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide) | LSD |
| an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinogens. | near-death experience |
