| A | B |
|---|
| According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, where conflicts are unresolved. | fixation |
| Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species’ history. | collective unconsciousness |
| the process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents’ values into their superegos | identification |
| The most widely used projective test, a set of 10 inkblots, designed by Hermann Rorschach; seeks to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of the blots. | Rorschach Inkblot Test |
| according to Freud, a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father | oedipus complex |
| a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through stories they make up about ambiguous scenes | Thermatic Apperception Test (TAT) |
| The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones. | psychosexual stages |
| a personality test, such as the Rorschach or TAT, that provides ambiguous stimuli designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics. | projective test |
| the part of the personality that, according to Freud, represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and future aspirations. | super ego |
| psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger to a safer outlet | displacement |
| The largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that, according to Freud, mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality. The ego operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. | ego |
| Defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions. | rationalization |
| contain a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that, according to Freud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives. The id operates on the pleasure principle, demanding instant gratification. | id |
| Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others. | projection |
| According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware. | unconscious |
| Psychoanalytic defense mechanism by which the ego unconsciously switches unacceptable impulses into their opposites Thus, people may express feelings that are the opposite of their anxiety-arousing unconscious feelings. | reaction formation |
| Freud’s theory of personality that attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions | psychoanalysis |
| Defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to amore infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixed. | regression |
| In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. | free association |
| In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness. | repression |
| an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting | personality |
| On psychoanalytic theory, the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality. | defense mechanism |
| proposes that faith in one’s worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death | terror-management theory |
