| A | B |
|---|
| a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity | attentio-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ASHD) |
| psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. | mood disorders |
| false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders | delusions |
| a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist | antisocial personality disorder |
| an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers four weeks or more after a traumatic experience | post-traumatic stress disorder |
| an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions | obsessive-complusive disorder |
| a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions | schizophrenia |
| psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning | personality disorders |
| the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition), a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. | DSM-IV |
| an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation | phobia |
| a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder. | dissociative identity disorder |
| a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state | mania |
| an anxiety disorder marked by minutes-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations | panic disorder |
| disorders on which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings | dissociative disorders |
| The concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and inmost cases, cured. When applied to psychological disorders, it assumes that these “mental” illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital | medical model |
| an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal | generalized-anxiety disorder |
| a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania (formerly called manic depressive disorder.) | bipolar disorder |
| a “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable | psychological disorder |
| psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety | anxiety disorders |
| a mood disorder in which a person, for no apparent reason, experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities | major depressive disorder |
