| A | B |
|---|
| in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as hatred for a parent) | transference |
| a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias. | systematic desensitization |
| a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies | meta-analysis |
| a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain | lobotomy |
| in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight | interpretation |
| behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear or avoid | exposure therapies |
| the tendency for extremes of unusual scores to fall back toward the average | regression toward the mean |
| surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior | psychosurgery |
| in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material | resistance |
| a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; base | counterconditioning |
| therapy that treats the family as system. Views an individuals’ unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication | family therapy |
| a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient | electroconvulsive therapy |
| Sigmund Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient’s free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences—and the therapist’s interpretation of them—released previously repressed feelings, allowing thee patient to gain self-insight | psychoanalysis |
| therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors | behavior therapy |
| a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior) | cognitive behavior therapy |
| involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors | tardive dyskinesia |
| an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy | eclectic approach |
| emphatic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy | active listening |
| therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions | cognitive therapy |
| the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior | psychopharmacology |
| an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties | psychotherapy |
| a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate clients’ growth | client-centered therapy |
| a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol) | aversive conditioning |
| an operant conditioning procedure that rewards desired behavior. A patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats | token economy |
| the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity | receptive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) |
| prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient’s nervous system | biomedical therapy |
| an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking | virtual reality exposure therapy |
