| A | B |
|---|
| solid | a state of matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape. The molecular motion in a solid is close movement and the olecules are close together. They stay in fixed positions. |
| crystalline solids | solids that are made of crystals. (Ex: salt, sugar and snow) |
| amorphous solids | solids that are not arranged in a regular pattern. (Ex: plastics, rubber, and glass) |
| liquid | a state of matter that has no shape of its own. It taked the shape of its container. The particles in a liquid are free to move around. It has a definite volume. |
| fluid | any substance that can flow |
| viscosity | the resistance of a liquid flowing |
| gas | a state of matter with no definite shape or volume. |
| gas particles | they spread a part filling all the space available to them. |
| volume | the amount of space that matter ocupies |
| temperature | a measure of the average energy of the particles of a substance |
| pressure | the force of its outward push divided by the area of that surface |
| Boyle's Law | When the pressure of a gas increases, its volume decreases. When the pressure of a gas decreases, its volume increases. |
| temp/pressure | When the temperature of a gas increases, its pressure increases. When the temp. of a gas decreases, its pressure decreases. |
| Charles's Law | When the temp. of a gas increases, its volume increases. |
| graphs | diagrams that tell how two variables are related |
| graph-charless law | the graph of charles's law shows that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its kelvin temp. under constant pressure |
| graph-Boyle's law | that law shows that the pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume at a constant temp. |
| directly proportionaly | a term used to describe the relationship between 2 variables whose graph is a straight line passing through the point (0,0). |
| vary inversely | a term used to describe the relationship between 2 variables whose graph forms a curve a curve that slopes downward. |
| physical change | a change that alters the form of a substance, but does not change it to another substance |
| chemical change | it's changed into a different substance with different properties. |
| thermal energy | movement of particles |
| chemical energy | an energy that comes from the chemical bonds within matter |
| Matter changes... | whenever energy is added or taken away |
| law of conservation of energy | the principle that the total amount of energy remains the same during physical or chemical change |
| freezing | the change of state from liquid to a solid |
| melting | solid-liquid |
| vaporization | liquid water changing into water vapor |
| evaporation | when vaporation takes place an the surface of a liquid |
| boiling | when vaporation takes place inside a liquid as well as on the surface |
| condensation | this occurs when a gas loses enough thermal energy to become a liquid |
| sublimation | the change in state from a solid directly to a gas without passing through a liquid state |
| chemical reaction | another name for chemical change |
| in some chemical reactions... | 1 substance breaks down into 2 or more sbstances combine forminfg one new aubstance or more |
| all chemical reactions... | either absorb energy or release energy |
| like all changes... | in matter, chemical reactions occur when substances gain or lose energy |
