| A | B |
|---|
| introspection | a method of self-observation |
| Wilhelm Wundt | a structuralist |
| structuralism | interested in the basic elements of human experience |
| psychology | the scientific study of behavior & mental processes |
| description | describe or gather information about the behavior being studied and present what is known |
| explanation | not just state facts, explain why people behave as they do |
| prediction | by studying descriptive and theoretical accounts of past behaviors, psychologists can predict future behaviors |
| influence... | behavior in helpful ways by doing research |
| psychoanalyst | studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine behavior |
| socioculturalist | studies the influence of ethnicity, gender, culture, & socioeconomic status on behavior and mental processes |
| Gestalt psychology | study of how sensations are assembled into perceptual experiences |
| Gestalt | "whole pattern" |
| Humanists | they describe human nature as evolving and self-directed |
| classical conditioning | a learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a neutral stimulus |
| hypothesis | psychologists use this to propose explanations about behavior |
| William James | known as the "father of psychology" |
| functionalists | wants to learn how various mental processes help people adapt to their environment |
| behaviorist | a psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment |
| 4 goals of psychology | describe, explain, predict, influence |
| Sir Francis Galton | in his studies, did not take into account that a person's heredity and environment interact to influence intelligence |
| psychobiologist | studies how physical and chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior |
| cognitivist | studies how we process, store, retrieve, and use information |
| Sigmund Freud | used the methods of free association and dream analysis to study his patients' unconscious processes |
| Ivan Pavlov | a behaviorist whose studies involve a dog and a tuning fork |
