| A | B |
|---|
| Push Factor | Make immigrants want to leave a country - famine, war, disease. |
| Pull Factors | Attract immigrants to a new area-- "the streets of America are paved with gold". |
| Pogroms | Organized attacks on Jewish villages supported by the Russian government. |
| Steerage | Cheapest way to travel - airless rooms below ship deck. |
| Ellis and Angel Islands | Processing point for immigrants Ellis (New York) Angel (San Francisco) The last hurdle into the U.S. where immigrants had to pass a health inspection. |
| Ethnic Group | A group of people who share a common culture - Often immigrants would settle into ethnic neighborhoods (China Towns and Little Italy's). |
| Assimilation | Process of becoming part of another culture - learning the language and customs. |
| Nativists | People against immigrants - want to preserve the country for native born white Protestants. |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | 1882 law that limited Chinese immigration - no Chinese laborers would be admitted into the U.S. In addition, no Chinese could reenter the U.S. if they left. |
| Urbanization | Movement of the population from farms to cities - Began in the late 1800s. |
| Tenement | Small, overcrowded, windowless apartments often inhabited by immigrants. |
| Building Codes | Laws that set standards (regulations) for how buildings are constructed. |
| Settlement House | Community center that offers services to the poor - Hull House in Chicago is the best known of the settlement houses. |
| Salvation Army & Y.M.H.A. | Religious organizations that offered services to immigrants and needy. |
| Joseph Pulitzer | Created the first mass circulated newspaper The New York World added pictures, comic strips and gossip to attract readers. |
| William Hearst | Rival of Pulitzer with New York Journal used yellow journalism to sell papers. |
| Yellow Journalism | Focus on scandals, crime, and gossip to sell papers. |
| Nelly Bly | Female reporter who pretended to be insane to write about abuses in mental institutions. |
| Vaudeville | Variety show with comedians, acrobats as well as song and dance routines. |
| Ragtime | New type of music with a lively rhythimic sound. Scott Joplin was the best known ragtime composer. |
| Chautauqua Society | Educated Americans about art, philosophy, politics, as well as spiritual guidence. |
| Dime Novels | Popular paperback books of the late 1800s - were often thrilling adventure stories. |
| Horatio Alger | Wrote over 100 dime novels - often rags to riches stories. |
| Realists | Writers and artists who wanted to show life as it really was. |
| Winslow Homer | Famous realist artist who painted New England fishing scenes. |
| Local Color | Speech and habits of a particular region. Mark Twain was well known for it. |
| Mark Twain | Famous writer of the late 1800s. Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. |
| Paul Lawrence Dunbar | First African American to make a living as a writer. |
