| A | B |
|---|
| stimulus | A feature in the environment that is detected by an organism or that leads to a change in behavior |
| response | An observable reaction to a stimulus |
| conditioning | A type of learning that involves stimulus-response connections, in which the rsponse is conditional on the stimulus |
| classical conditioning | A type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit an unconditioned response when the neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that normally causes an unconditioned response |
| unconditioned stimulus | In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, naturally occurring response |
| unconditioned response | In calssical conditioning, an unlearned response |
| conditioned stimulus | A previously neutral stimulus that, because of pairing with an unconditioned stimulus, now causes a conditioned response |
| conditioned response | A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus |
| taste aversion | A type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation |
| extinction | In classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus |
| spontaneous recovery | The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed |
| generalization | The tendancy to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics |
| discrimination | In classical conditioning, the ability to distinguish the conditioned stimulus from other stimuli that are similar |
| flooding | Based on the principals of classical conditioning, a fear-reduction technique that involves exposing the individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished |
| systematic desensitization | A type of counterconditioning, used to treat phobias, in which a pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli |
| counterconditioning | A therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response |
