| A | B |
|---|
| Oxygen gas (O2 Operational Def.) | Makes a glowing splint grow brighter |
| Hydrogen gas )H2 Operation def.) | Makes a pop in the presence of a flame |
| Electrolysis | The process used to break down or separate compounds into their elements by means of a direct current |
| Ion | If a solution conducts an electric current, then ions are present |
| Electrolyte | A liquid that conducts electric current between two electrodes |
| Cation | Positively charged ion |
| Anion | Negatively charged ion |
| Static Electricity | Electricity at rest (not flowing) |
| Cathode | Negatively charged electrode (rod) |
| Anode | Positively charged electrod (rod) |
| Concentration | The amound of a substance that is present in a given space (usually stated in grams per 100 milliliters) |
| Temperature | A measure of the motion of matter particles |
| Catalyst | A substance that is able to speed up a reaction without itself being changed |
| Enzyme | A catalyst found in living matter |
| Surface area | Refers to how many particles of a solid are exposed and therefore available to react |
| Exothermicreaction | A reaction that releases more heat energy then it absorbs |
| Endothermic reaction | A chemical reaction that absorbs more heat energy than it releases |
| Kinetics | The study of reaction rates |
| Collision theory | Molecules cannot react unless they collide with sufficient energy |
| Concentration | The amount of substance that is present in a given space (usually stated in grams per milliliters) |
| Neutrally Charged | Having equal numbers of electrons & protons |
| Negatively charged | Having more electrons than protons |
| Positively Charged | Having more protons then electrons |
| Static electricity | Electricity at rest (not flowing) |
| Electroscope | An instrument used to detect electric charges |
| Conducter | A material that permits electric charges or heat to move easily through it |
| Insulator | A material that does not permist electric charges or heat to move easily |
| Charge by friction | Charged by rubbing two objects together which causes a transfer of electrons from one object to another |
| Charged by induction | Charged by rearrangement of electrons when an object is close to (but not contacting) a charged object |
| Charged by conduction | Charged by the flow of electrons onto or away from an object when in contact iwth a charged object |
| Electric forces | Pushing and pulling forces that hold theparts of an atom together |
| Electric field | The region around a charge in which electric forces exist |
| Van de Graaf generator | Device that collectsd static electricity |
| Collision Theory | Molecules cannot react unless they collide with sufficient energy |
| What effects reaction rate? | Concentration Temperature, Catalyst, Surface Area |
| The Effect of Concentration? | The greatest number of reactant particles are present in a certain volume, the greater is the chance of collisions |
| The Effect of Temperature | The greater the temperature, the faster the reactant particle will move, and therefor the more likely they are to collide |
| Temperature | A measure of the motion of particals |
| Effect of Catalysts? | It acts like a puzzle piece that holds reactant particles together so they can react so only certain ractant particles will fit! |
| Properties of Catalysts | Only a small amount needed, never used up, always the same at the end as at the beginning, specific for 1 or 2 reaction, enzyms are from livein gor once living things, there can be more than one for the same reaction |
| The Effect of Surface Area? | Increasing the number of exposed reactant particles incereases the chance of collisions |
| Reactant Rate Measurement | Measure time for the product to first appear, amount of product formed in a certain period of time, the time it takes for one or both of the reactants to be used up |
| Measure time for the product to first appear? | KI + K2S2O8-->Blue--Black Product (Iondine Clock Reaction) |
| Starch (white in color) | Indicator for the iodine clock reaction. It turns blue-black when the product (iondine) first appears |
| Measure the Amount of Product Formed in a Certain Period of Time | Shell+ HCl--> CO2GAS |
| The measure time for one or both of the reactants to be used up? | H2C2O4 + KMnO4--> Golden Product (when purple KMn)4 is used up te golden product can be seen.) |
| KI+ K2S2O8--> | Potassium Iodine + Potassium Persulfate -->example for this reaction is called the "iodine clock" |
| H2C2O4 + KMnO4--> | Oxalic Acid+ Potassuim Permanganate |
| Molecules move around, collide, and sometimes_______. | React |
| Is the setting of concrete an example of fast or slow reaction rate? | Slow |
| List four ways to speed up the rate of a reaction. | 1) Increase temp 2) Concentration 3) Surface Area 4) C atalyst |
| A catalys must be the same at teh end of the reaction as it was at the ________. | Beginning |
| Define Catalyst | A substance that can speed up a reaction without itself bing changed. |
| What kind of energy do molecules possess? | Kinetic Energy |
| Kinetic Energy of molecules and atoms can be used to....A)_____B)____ | A) Break old bonds B) Create new bonds |
| What is activation energy? | The enegy needed for a raction to take place. |
| What is collision theory? | In order for particles to react, reactant particles much collide with sufficient energy |
| What is activation energy? | The energy needed for a reaction to take place |
| The energy hill needed for a reactio can be lowered to speed up a reaction by using a _____________. | Catalyst |
| Raising an energy hill will slow down a reaction. Give an example. | Food spoiling-->lower temp. to keep from spoiling |
| Increases the concentration of one or both of the reactants | The more reactant particles that are present in a given volume, the more likely it is for them to collide. |
| Increasing the temperature of the reactants... | Increasing the temperature increaes the speed of reactant particles and this increases the chance of collisions. |
| Surface Area | More particles from the interior are exposed and available to react. This does not increase the total volume. |
| Define a catalyst. | A substance that is able to speed up a reaction without itself being changed. |
| Name three specific applications (uses) for catalysts | A) Making plastics, film, and asperin B) Purifying petroleum Products C) Make Vegetable from soil beans D) Making fertilizer |
| Certain catalysts are very expensive. How then, can it be economically possible to use them? | Catalysts are not used up because they are never used up |
| Describe, on a particle level, how a catalst night bring two reactant particles together. | It provides a surface on which reactant particles can collide and react. On this surface, the catalyst lowers the activation energy requirement. |
| Some catalysys are called "molecular sievces." What does this mean? | These catalyssys cause reacton on the inside where only a certain size molecule can enter by way of a hole or pore. |
| What is an enzyme? | Catalysts that carry out reactions that are necessary for life in living things |
| Explain, on a particle level, how enzymes work | They act like a puzzle piece in which old bonds are broken and new bonds are formed. |
| What do enzymes do in a living cell | Make reaction go in a constant and faster manner |
| Reaction rate is defined as_____ | The speed at which a reaction proceeds |
| The four things that affect reac tion rate are____ | A. Concentration B. Temp. C. Catalyst D. Surface Area |
| The effect of concentration on reaction rate is the greater the number of _______ _______ that are present in a certain volume, the greater the chance of _________s. | reactant partilces, collision |
| The effect of temp on reaction rate is the greater the ___, the faster the ____ ___ will move, and therefore the more likely they are to____. | Temperature, reactant particles, collide |
| The effect of catalyst on reaction rate is that catalysts act like ___ ______ that hold ____ _____ together so they react. Only certain ___ __ will fit. | Puzzle pieces, reactant particles, |
| A. Only a ____ amount needed | small |
| Never used up---always the same at the ____ as at the ____of the reaction | end, beginning |
| specific for ___ or _____ reactions | one or two |
| There can be more than one ____ for the same reaction | catalyst |
| A catalyst from living or once living things | enzyme |
| The effect or surface area is ____ the number of exposed reactant particles _____ the chance for collisions | increasing, increases |
| The time it takes for the _____ to first appear | product |
| The _____ of product formed in a certain perdiod of time | amount |
| The time it takes for one or both of the reactants to be _______ | used up |
| Example of a reaction that measures time for product to first appear is known as the "____ _____" | iodine clock |
| Example of reaction that measurees the time it takes for one or both of the reactants to be used up is the___ _______ _____ reaction | H2C2O4 + KMnO4----> Golden Product |
