| A | B |
|---|
| el paisaje | landscape, scenery |
| a lo largo de | along (the length of) |
| a pesar de | in spite of |
| árido/a | arid, dry |
| convertir | to convert (someone, something) |
| convertirse en | to turn or change into |
| crear | to create |
| debido a | due to |
| desde | from, since (a point in time) |
| el altiplano | high plain located between two large mountain ranges |
| el asunto | matter, business |
| el ayllu | in Inca society a community composed of several familias |
| el charqui | dried strips of meat, ‘jerky’ |
| el chasqui | Inca messenger who travelled the Inca highway |
| el cielo | heaven; sky |
| el encomendero | Spaniard who received land and indigenous labor force |
| el imperio | empire |
| el infierno | hell |
| el litoral | coast (used in Perú) |
| el quechua | language of the ancient Incas and still spoken by their descendents today |
| el siglo | century |
| el tambo | a kind of inn or stopping place for Incas traveling the Incan highway |
| el virreinato | vice-royalty: a defined area of Spanish territory in the Americas |
| el virrey | Viceroy: King’s representative that administered a vice-royalty |
| fundar | to found (a city, an organization, etc.) |
| hacerse (famoso, rico) | to become (something fairly deliberate) |
| la carretera | road, highway |
| la cordillera | mountain range, chain of mountains |
| la corriente | current (water, wind, electricity, historical) |
| la costa | coast |
| la encomienda | Spanish system in which the Spanish crown gave a conquistador land in the Americas as well as a number of indigenous people to work the land |
| la época precolombina | pre-Columbian: time in history of the Americas before the arrival of Columbus (everything prior to 1492) |
| la fe | faith |
| la fortaleza | fortress, fort |
| la línea ecuatorial | the Equator |
| la orilla | bank of a river, shore of an ocean |
| la población | population |
| la quinua | quinoa, a type of grain high in protein |
| la selva (tropical) | (tropical) forest |
| la sierra | mountains, highlands |
| occidental | western |
| oriental | eastern |
| según | according to |
| tener afán de (+inf) | to have a strong desire to (do something) |
| tomar prisionero | to take prisoner |
| vencer | to defeat, overcome |
