| A | B |
|---|
| inhritance | the passing of traits by heredity. |
| heredity | the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring. |
| strains | denotes all plants pure for a specific trait |
| self-pollination | when fertilization occurs in a single plant |
| anthers | produce pollen grains that contain sperm |
| ovules | produce eggs |
| stigma | the tip of the ovary |
| ovary | contains the ovule |
| pollination | the transfer of pollen from anthers to stigma |
| cross-pollination | the transfer of pollen from anthers of a plant pure for one trait to the stigma of another plant pure for the contrasting trait. |
| first filial generation | the offspring of a parental generation |
| second filial generation | the offspring of the first filial generation |
| dominance | masks the other factor for the trait |
| recessive | is masked in the presence of a dominant factor. |
| gene | the segment of DNA on a chromosome that controls a partiular hereditary trait |
| allele | alternative form of a gene |
| homozygous | when both alleles are the same |
| heterozygous | when the two alleles are not the same |
| geneotype | the genetic makeup of an organism |
| phenotype | the external appearance of an organism |
| multiple alleles | when three or more alleles control a trait |
| probability | the likelihood that a specific event will occur |
| monohybrid cross | involves one pair of contrasting traits |
| Punnett square | aids in predicting probabilities |
| testcross | when an unknown genotype is crossed with a known genotype |
| codominance | occurs when two or more alleles influence the phenotype |
| dihybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves two pairs of contrasting traits |
