| A | B |
|---|
| Major Elements | Elements which occur in the body in concentrations greater than 0.1% (11) |
| Trace Elements | Elements which occur in the body in concentrations less than 0.1% (15) |
| Atomic Number | The total number of protons in the nucleus |
| Ionic Bond | A bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Covalent Bond | A bond formed when atoms share electrons |
| Hydrogen Bond | A weak bond between two molecules due to hydrogen's weak electronegativity causing the molecules to be polar. |
| Synthesis Reaction | A reaction in which two or more reactants join to form a single product |
| Decomposition Reaction | A reaction in which a single reactant is broken down to form multiple products |
| Dehydration Synthesis | Biological reactions in which small molecules are linked via the removal of water |
| Hydrolysis | Decomposition reactions in which large molecules are broken down via the addition of water |
| Exchange Reaction | A reaction in which two reactants are rearranged to form two new products |
| Reversible Reaction | A reaction in which products can interact to reform the reactants |
| Inorganic Molecules | Molecules made with elements other than carbon |
| Organic Molecules | Molecules composed primarily of carbon (also containing hydrogen) |
| Solvent | A substance, such as water, which will dissolve another substance |
| Cellular Respiration | The reaction of glucose with oxygen which releases energy for the cell |
| Electrolytes | Compounds that dissolve in water and form a conducting solution |
| Acid | A substance which releases H+ when dissolved |
| Base | A substance which releases OH- when dissolved |
| Buffer | A solution which has the capacity to neutralize added acid or base |
| Salt | An ionic compound resulting from the reaction of an acid and a base |
| Neutralization Reactions | Reactions between acids & bases, the products are a salt & water |
| Carbohydrates | Sugars, contain oxygen & hydrogen |
| Monosaccharide | A simple sugar, e.g. glucose |
| Disaccharide | A compound sugar made by combining two monosaccharide molecules, e.g. sucrose |
| Polysaccharides | Large, complex sugars, e.g. starch, glycogen |
| Proteins | Large molecules composed of amino acids |
| Structural Proteins | Proteins which compose body structures, e.g. skin, muscle, hair |
| Functional Proteins | Proteins that cause chemical changes in other proteins, e.g. enzymes, antibodies |
| Polymer | Large chain-like molecules composed of repeating subunits |
| Starch | Complex sugar made by plants, used for energy storage |
| Glycogen | "animal starch", for temporary energy storage |
| Amino Acids | The subunits forming proteins |
| Essential Amino Acids | Amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be ingested (8) |
| Nonessential Amino Acids | Amino acids that can be synthesized by the body (12) |
| Polypeptide | A relatively short chain of amino acids, (10-100 amino acids) |
| Triglyceride | Lipid molecule composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| Saturated Fatty Acid | A fatty acid whose carbon chain contains only single bonds |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acid | A fatty acid containing one or more double bonds in its carbon chain |
| Phospholipid | Lipid found in cell membranes, contain polar and nonpolar ends |
| Steroids | Class of hormones derived from cholesterol, e.g. testorterone, estrogen |
| Nucleic Acids | DNA & RNA, composed of multiple nucleotides |
| Nucleotide | Subunit of DNA, contains a phosphate group, pentose sugar, & nitrogenous base |
| Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | Energy currency of the cell |
| Metabolism | The sum total of a chemical reactions in the body |
| Catabolism | Decomposition reactions in the body |
| Anabolism | Synthesis reactions in the body |
