| A | B |
| colony | a territory separated from but subject to a ruling power |
| annex | to formally incorporate into a country or state the territory of another |
| cede | to transfer or give up |
| civil war | a conflict between opposing groups of citizens of the same country |
| Industrial Revolution | the shift from human power to machine power |
| continental divide | a boundary or area of high ground that separates rivers flowing toward opposite sides of a continent |
| drainage basin | the entire area of land that is drained by a major river and its tributaries |
| tributary | a river or stream that flows into a main river |
| striation | marks characterizing glaciated areas of rocks |
| rain shadow | an area of reduced rainfall on the leeward side of high mountains |
| literacy | the ability to read and write |
| suburb | a residential area outside a central city |
| standard of living | a person's or group's level of material well-being, as measured by education, housing, health care, and nutrition |
| per capita | per person |