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| Classify Rocks | Rocks are classified by their color, texture, and mineral composition |
| Color | Dark (mafic) or Light (Felsic) |
| Texture | the size, shape, and pattern of a mineral's grains |
| Grains | the particles of minerals or other rocks that make up a rock |
| fine-grained | grains can be seen with magnification |
| coarse-grained | easily discernable grains |
| No visible grain | No grain because the rock formed so quickly or formed from sediment particles too small to be seen |
| Rounded Grain | Conglomerate, often made up of weathered rockparticle, often from stream beds, held together by a finer grained groundmass |
| Jagged Grain | Breccia, made up of unweathered rock particles, such as those from glacial abrasion |
| Foliated | Banded, like layers that have been compressed |
| Non-foliated | non banded, like a homogenous layer |
| Origin | how a rock was formed: Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary |
| Igneous rock | formed from the cooling of molten material |
| Sedimentary Rock | Formed when particles of other rocks and/or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together in layers below the surface |
| Metamorphic Rock | formed when existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. |
| Classifying Igneous Rock | Origin, texture, and mineral composition |
| Extrusive Igneous Rock | Igneous rock that formed on or near the Earth's surface. Fine or no grained, Basalt |
| Intrusive Igneous Rock | Igneous rock that formed deep below Earth's surface. Large or medium grained, Granite |
| Texture of Igneous rock | determined by the size and shape of the mineral crystals in igneous rock |
| aphanetic | fine grained |
| phaneretic | coarse grained |
| porphyritic | a misture of fine and coarse gained (like the pores on your face) |
| silica | the mineral part of igneous rock that determines the viscosity of the molten material |
| High silica | High Viscosity (resistance to flow) |
| Low Silica | Low Viscosity (runny) |
| Sediment | small and solid pieces of material that has been weathered, eroded, and deposited. (can be mineral or organic) |
| Erosion | Destructive forces that constantly break up and wear away Earth's surface |
| Deposition | the process by which sediment settles out of the fluid that carries it |
| compaction | the process that presses sediments tightly together |
| cementation | the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together |
| Groups of sedimentary rock | clastic, organic, and chemical |
| clastic sedimentary rock | formed when rock particles are squeezed together, shale, sandstone, conglomerate, and breccia |
| Organic Sedimentary Rock | formed from the deposited remains of plants and animals, coal, limestone |
| Chemical Sedimentary Rock | formed when minerals in a solution crystallize or when the solution evaporates, leaving behind the mineral |
| coral reef | formed by millions of tiny coral animals in warm and shallow marine waters that live, die, and rebuild on the tiny skeletons of their ancestors |
| Limestone from coral | can be found in very high plateaus all over the world. This tells us that the area had long ago been under water |
| Classifying Metamorphic Rocks | by the arrangement of the grains that make up the rock (foliated or non-foliated) |
| Rock Cycle | The ever evolving process or rock being changed from one type to another |
