| A | B |
|---|
| States of Matter | solid, liquid, gas, and plasma; depend on temperature/ energy of particles |
| Kinetic Theory of Matter | 1. All materials have particles 2. All particles are attracted to each other 3. Higher temp. = higher KE of particles, the particles are in constant motion |
| Crystals | particles in solid that are arranged in repeating geometric patterns; different solids have different patterns |
| Plasma | A gaslike mixture of positively and negatively charged particles; very high temperature and particles collide violently and then particles break into smaller, electrically charged particles |
| Thermal Expansion | All matter expands when it gets hot and contrcts when it gets cold |
| Evaporation | When a liquid changes to a gas at temperatures below boiling point. |
| Condensation | When a gas changes to a liquid |
| Heat of Fusion | The amount of energy needed to change from solid to liquid |
| Heat of Vaporation | The amount of energy needed to change a liquid to a gas |
| Pressure | the amount of force exerted per unit area; P=F/A |
| Pascal | The SI unit of pressure; Pa; M/m^2 |
| Boyle's Law | decreased volume increased pressure when temperature is constant |
| Charle's Law | Increased temperature = increased volume when pressure is constant |
| Buoyant Force | the upward force exerted by a fluid on an object immersed in it |
| Archimedes's Principle | the buoyant force of an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. |
| Pascal's Principle | Pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted unchanged throughout the fluid |
| Bernoulli's Principle | As the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases |
| Amorphous Solids | When a solid is not made of crystals; wax, glass, plastics |
| Viscosity | The measure of how well a liquid can flow (stronger attraction) |
| Diffusion | How quickly one company can spread out (particles move around each othjer faster) |
| Gay-Lussacs's Law | Increased pressure = Increased temperature when volume stays the same |
| Hydraulics | Machines that push a liquid of a small volume down a lot in order to push a liquid of a large volume up a little with less pressure. |
| Venturi Effect | Fluids flow faster when forced to flow through a narrower space, so the pressure of the fluid drops. |
