| A | B |
|---|
| Knossos | an ancient Minoan city on the island of Crete 4/1 |
| Polis | city-state in ancient Greece 4/2 |
| shrine | altar, chapel, or other sacred place 4/1 |
| acropolis | highest and most fortified point within a Greek city-state 4/2 |
| fresco | colorful painting completed on wet plaster 4/1 |
| citizen | a native or resident of a town or city 4/2 |
| Trojan War | in Greek epic poems and myths, a ten-year war between Mycenae and the city of Troy in Asia Minor 4/1 |
| Monarchy | government in which a king or queen exercises central power 4/2 |
| strait | narrow water passage 4/1 |
| aristocracy | government headed by a privileged minority or upper class 4/2 |
| Homer | Poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey 4/1 |
| Oligarchy | government in which ruling power belongs to a few people 4/2 |
| phalanx | in ancient Greece, a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers 4/2 |
| alliance | formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one anothers defense 4/3 |
| Sparta | Militaristic city-state in ancient Greece 4/2 |
| Pericles | Through his skillful leadership, the economy thrived and the government became more democratic. 4/3 |
| Athens | Democratic city-state in ancient Greece 4/2 |
| Direct democracy | system of government in which citizens participate directly in the day-to-day affairs of government rather than through elected representatives 4/3 |
| democracy | government in which the people hold ruling power 4/2 |
| stipend | a fixed salary given to public office holders 4/3 |
| tyrant | in ancient Greece, ruler who gained power by force 4/2 |
| jury | legal group of people sworn to make a decision in a legal case 4/3 |
| legislature | lawmaking body 4/2 |
| ostracism | practice used in ancient Greece to banish or send away a public figure who threatened democracy 4/3 |
| philosopher | someone who seeks to understand and explain life; a person who studies philosophy 4/4 |
| Parthenon | the chief temple of the Greek goddess Athena on the Acropolis in Athens, Greece 4/4 |
| logic | rational thinking 4/4 |
| tragedy | in ancient Greece, a play about human suffering often ending in disaster 4/4 |
| rhetoric | Art of skillful speaking 4/4 |
| comedy | in ancient Greece, play that mocked people or social customs 4/4 |
| Socrates | An Athenian stonemason and philosopher Socratic Method 4/4 |
| Herodotus | called the Father of History in the Western world because he went beyond listing names of rulers or the retelling of ancient legends 4/4 |
| Plato | Student of Socrates, author of The Republic 4/4 |
| Alexander the Great | Son of Philip II, conquered empire stretching from Greece to India, encouraged spread of Greek culture throughout empire 4/5 |
| Aristotle | Student of Plato, idea of the “golden mean,” wrote Politics 4/4 |
| Philip II | Macedonian king who conquered Greece, Father of Alexander the Great 4/5 |
| assassination | murder of a public figure, usually for political reasons 4/5 |
| Hippocrates | studied the causes of illnesses and looked for cures Hippocratic Oath 4/5 |
| assimilate | absorb or adopt another culture 4/5 |
| Alexandria | an ancient Hellenistic city in Egypt 4/5 |
| Pythagoras | derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle 4/5 |
| heliocentric | based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe 4/5 |
| Archimedes | applied principles of physics to make practical inventions 4/5 |
