| A | B |
|---|
| TRAIT | A PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC |
| HEREDITY | THE PASSING OF TRAITS FROM PARENTS TO OFFSPRING |
| GENETICS | THE STUDY OF HEREDITY |
| P GENERATION | PARENT GENERATION |
| F1 GENERATION | FIRST GENERATION OF OFFSPRING |
| F2 GENERATION | SECOND GENERATION OF OFFSPRING |
| GENE | FACTOR THAT CONTROLS TRAITS |
| ALLELE | EACH MEMBER OF A GENE PAIR; THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF A GENE |
| DOMINANT ALLELE | ALWAYS SHOWS UP IN THE ORGANISM |
| RECESSIVE ALLELE | ALWAYS COVERED UP BY THE DOMINANT ALLELE |
| HETEROZYGOUS | ORGANISM THAT HAS TWO DIFFERENT ALLELES FOR A TRAIT, ALSO KNOWN AS HYBRID. |
| GREGOR MENDEL | EXPERIMENTED WITH PEA PLANTS TO UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS OF HEREDITY |
| WHY DID MENDEL CHOOSE PEA PLANTS FOR HIS EXPERIMENTS? | PEAS HAVE MANY TRAITS THAT EXIST IN ONLY 2 FORMS AND THEY PRODUCE A LARGE NUMBER OF OFFSPRING |
| HOW DO PEA PLANTS REPRODUCE IN NATURE? | SELF-POLLINATION |
| HOMOZYGOUS | AN ORGANISM THAT HAS TWO IDENTICAL ALLELES FOR A TRAIT, ALSO KNOWN AS PURE. |
| GENOTYPE | AN ORGANISM'S GENETIC MAKEUP, OR ALLELE COMBINATIONS. |
| PHENOTYPE | AN ORGANISM'S PHYSICAL APPEARANCE. |
| SELECTIVE BREEDING | THE PROCESS OF SELECTING A FEW ORGANISMS WITH DESIRED TRAITS TO SERVE AS PARENTS OF THE NEXT GENERATION. |
| INBREEDING | TWO INDIVIDUALS WITH IDENTICAL OR SIMILAR SETS OF ALLELES ARE CROSSED. |
| HYBRIDIZATION | TWO GENETICALLY DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALS ARE CROSSED. |
| CLONING | A PROCESS OF PRODUCING AN ORGANISM THAT IS GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO THE ORGANISM FROM WHICH IT WAS PRODUCED. |
| GENETIC ENGINEERING | GENES FROM ONE ORGANISM ARE TRANSFERRED INTO THE DNA OF ANOTHER ORGANISM. |
| HEMOGLOBIN | THE PROTEIN IN RED BLOOD CELLS THAT CARRY OXYGEN. |
| GENOME | ALL THE DNA IN ONE CELL OF AN ORGANISM. |
| SEX-LINKED GENE | A GENE THAT IS CARRIED ON THE X CHROMOSOME. |
| PEDIGREE | A DIAGRAM THAT SHOWS THE INHERITANCE OF A TRAIT IN A FAMILY. |
| DOWN'S SYNDROME | CAUSED BY THE PRESENCE OF AN EXTRA CHROMOSOME 21 IN THE PERSON'S CELLS. |
| SEX CHROMOSOMES OF A FEMALE | XX |
| SEX CHROMOSOMES OF A MALE | XY |
| GENETIC DISORDER | AN ABNORMAL CONDITION THAT A PERSON INHERITS THROUGH GENES OR CHROMOSOMES. |
| WHAT TOOLS HELP PREDICT GENETIC DISORDERS? | PUNNETT SQUARES, PEDIGREES, AMNIOCENTESIS, KARYOTYPE |
| KARYOTYPE | A PICTURE OF ALL THE CHROMOSOMES IN A CELL. |
