| A | B |
|---|
| cohesion | The mutual attraction of molecules of the same substance |
| surface tension | A tautness of the surface of a liquid due to cohesion of the molecules |
| Polar covalent bond | A covalent bond in which the electrons are not shared equally by the two atoms |
| Polar molecule | A molecule with positively and negatively charged ends |
| Capillary action | The movement of a liquid due to combined forces of adhesion and cohesion |
| Hydrophilic | Water-loving |
| Hydrophobic | Water-hating |
| Carboxyl group | COOH |
| Hydroxyl group | OH |
| Amino group | NH2 |
| Monosaccharides | Simple sugars that serve as building blocks for more complex sugars |
| Disaccharides | Two monosaccharides covalently bonded |
| Polysaccharides | Long polymers of monosaccharides |
| Condensation reaction | Covalently links subunits with the expulsion of one molecule of water |
| Sucrose | Glucose + fructose |
| Lactose | Glucose + galactose |
| Maltose | Glucose + glucose |
| Water | H2O |
| Cellulose | Polysaccharide composed of glucose that cannot be digested by humans |
| Glycogen | Storage form of glucose in animals |
| Starch | Storage form of glucose in plants |
| Fatty acids | Found in some lipids |
| Hydrogen bond | A weak molecular interaction involving a polar hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom such as oxygen |
| Hormones | A chemical messenger secreted by endocrine cells |
| Steroid hormone | Example is estrogen |
| Protein hormone | Example is insulin |
| Primary protein structure | Amino acid sequence |
| Secondary protein structure | Includes alpha helix |
| Tertiary protein structure | Due to interactions between R groups of amino acids |
| Hemoglobin | Oxygen-transporting molecules found in red blood cells |
| Gene Mutation | Alteration in the base sequence of the DNA in a gene |
| Denaturation | Loss of biological activity of a protein (or nucleic acid) due to losss of its final 3D shape; due to extremes in environment |
| Active site | The region of an enzyme that binds its substrate |
| Phosholipids | Predominant molecule of cell membranes |
| Triglycerides | THree fatty acids covalently bonded to a glycerol |
| Oils | Triglycerides found in plants and fish |
| Fats | Triglycerides found in animals |
| Vitamins A, D and E | Lipids without fatty acid tails |
| Enzymes | Organic molecules that speed up chemical reactions |
| Actin and myosin | Contractile proteins found in muscles |
| Amino acids | Protein building blocks |
| Antibodies | Proteins produced during an immune response |
| Collagen | Structural protein |
| Surfactant | Detergent-like molecules produced by epithelial cells in the lungs |
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome | Critical respiratory disorder at birth caused by lack of surfactant in the lungs |
