| A | B |
|---|
| EROSION | The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered rock and soil |
| SEDIMENT | Earth materials deposited by erosion |
| DEPOSITION | Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations |
| MASS MOVEMENT | Any one of several processes by which gravity moves sediment downhill |
| GLACIER | A large mass of moving ice and snow on land |
| VALLEY GLACIER | A long, narrow glacier that forms when snow and ice build up in a mountain valley |
| PLUCKING | The process by which a glacier picks up rocks as it flows over the land |
| ICE AGE | One time in the past when continental glaciers covered large parts of Earth’s surface |
| TILL | The sediments deposited directly by a glacier |
| CONTINENTAL GLACIER | A glacier that covers much of a continent or large island |
| SPIT | A beach formed by longshore drift that projects like a finger out into the water |
| KETTLE | A small depression that forms when a chunk of ice is left in glacial till |
| OXBOW LAKE | A meander cut off from a river |
| LOAD | The amount of sediment that a river or stream carries |
| DEFLATION | Wind erosion that removes surface materials |
| KINETIC ENERGY | The energy an object has due to its motion |
| SAND DUNE | A deposit of wind-blown sand |
| LOESS | A wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt |
| ENERGY | The ability to do work or cause change |
| ABRASION | The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind |
| FRICTION | The force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface |
| POTENTIAL ENERGY | Energy that is stored and available to be used later |
| RUNOFF | Water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground |
| RILL | A tiny groove in soil made by flowing water |
| ALLUVIAL FAN | A wide, sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range |
| STREAM | A channel through which water is continually flowing downhill |
| RIVER | A large stream |
| TRIBUTARY | A stream that flows into a larger stream |
| DIVIDE | The ridge of land that separates one drainage basin from another |
| MEANDER | A looplike bend in the course of a river |
| BEACH | Wave-washed sediment along a coast |
| LONGSHORE DRIFT | The movement of water and sediment down a beach caused by waves coming in to shore at an angle |
| MORAINE | A ridge formed by the till deposited at the edge of a glacier |
| TURBULENCE | A type of movement of water in which, rather than moving downstream, the water moves every which way |
| GULLY | A large channel in soil formed by erosion |
| KARST TOPOGRAPHY | A type of landscape in rainy regions where there is limestone near the surface, characterized by caverns, sinkholes, and valleys |
| FLOOD PLAIN | Wide valley through which a river flows |
| DRAINAGE BASIN | The land area form which a river and its tributaries collect their water |
| STALAGMITE | A cone-shaped calcite deposit that builds up from the floor of a cave |
| STALACTITE | A calcite deposit that hangs from the roof of a cave |
| GROUNDWATER | Water that fills the cracks in underground soil and rock layers |
| DELTA | A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake |
