| A | B |
|---|
| Cytology | study of cells |
| Cells | chambers, basic unit of all living things |
| Protplasm | contents of a cell |
| Absorption | transport of dissolved substances into cells to serve as building blocks or energy sources |
| Digestion | enzymatic breakdown of substances to obtain building materials or energy |
| Synthesis | integration of organic compounds from smaller units obtained from digestion, absorption, or some other reaction in the cell; results in a cell's growth, secretion, or replacing wornn out cell parts. |
| Respiration | breakdown of food w/release of energy |
| Movement | Movement of the cell itself (locomotion) or movement of substances ans structuresinside of hte cell (internal movement) |
| Irritability | Abilty to respond to external factors that affect the operations of the cell; in words, the response or reaction of the cell to its enviroment |
| Excretion | Removable of soluble waste from the cell |
| Egestion | Elimination of nonsoluble waste from the cell |
| Secretion | Synthesis and release of substances from the cell |
| Homeostasis | Ability to maintain a steady state in the cell |
| Reproduction | Formation of new cells |
| Cell theory......#1 | 1. The cell is the basic unit of all living thimgs. |
| Cell theory......#2 | 2. Cells perform all the functions of living things. |
| Cell theory......#3 | 3. Cells come from the reproduction of exisisting cells. |
| Unicellular organisms | composed of just one cell; bacteria, most protoans, algae, and fungi are examples |
| Multicellular organisms | composed of many cells; some algae and fungi are exaples along with animals, humans, and plants |
| Colonial organisms | some multicellular organisms; it is a collection of similar cells living together |
| Tissue | a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a certain function |
| Organs | are in multicellular organisms; composed of several types of tissues working together to perform a certain task |
| Organ system | made of a group of organsthat work together to accomplish life functions |
| Cell junction | chemical interactoins between proteins that form the connections between the cell |
| Tight junction | provides sealed barrier |
| Adherens junction | binds together microfilaments between adjacent cells |
| Desmosome | binds intermediate filaments of adjacent cells |
| Hemidesmosome | attaches intermediate filaments of the cell to the base membrane |
| Gap junction | allows passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells |
| Eukaryotic | 1st group of cells, have a membrane bound nucleus and other specialized structures in the cytoplasm |
| Organelle | cytoplasmic structure that performs special functions in the cell |
| Prokaryotic | lacks a membrane around the nucleus and contains only one non-membrane-bound organelles |
| Plasma membrane | controls movement of substancess in and out of the cell |
| Cytoplasmic matrix or cytosol | contains many molecules and ions; is the site of many chemical reactions |
| Mitochondrion | Tranfers energy in sugars to usable cellular energy |
| Ribosome | synthesizes proteins |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | synthesizes proteins and sterols and transports materials within cell |
| Golgi apparatus | prepares substances to be secreted by the cell |
| Lysosome | breaks down ingested substances, old organelles, and cytoplasmic molecules |
| Cytoskeleton | provides structure of cell; necessary for movement and reproduction |
| Flagella and cilla | provide locomotion of cell; propel substances over cell surface |
| Vacuole | provides storage |
| Vesicle | provides storage; may contain enzymes for specific reactions |
| Nucleus | stores DNA; produces RNA |
| Cell wall | Protects and supports cell |
| Plastid | Houses pigments and stores starches (special plastids, chloroplasts, are the site of photosynthesis) |
| Central vacuole | provides storage; regulates turgidity of cell |
