| A | B |
|---|
| What happens when rocks change shape by breaking? | faults form |
| What happens when rocks are pulled apart? | a normal fault may form |
| What happens when rocks are compressed? | a reverse fault may form |
| What happens when rocks are sheared? | a strike- slip fault may form |
| Movement of the ground that occurs when rocks inside Earth pass their elastic limit, break suddenly, and experience elastic rebound | Earthquake. |
| Earthquake waves, including primary waves, secondary waves, and surface waves (waves that pass through Earth) | seismic waves |
| Focus. | underground point deep inside Earth where energy is released, causing an earthquake |
| The point of Earth's surface located directly above the earthquake focus is called the __of the earthquake. | epicenter |
| Seismograph. | instrument used to obtain a record of seismic waves from all over the world |
| Magnitude. | a measure of the energy released by the earthquake |
| Seismic sea waves. | Tsunamis |
| able to stand up against the vibrations caused by most earthquakes | Seismic safe |
| Lava. | Magma flowing onto Earth's surface through the opening or vent |
| cone shaped hill or mountain formed when hot magma, solids, and gas erupt onto Earth's surface through a vent | Volcano |
| When the buildup of basaltic layers forms a broad volcano with gently sloping sides, what type of volcano is formed? | Shield volcano |
| Cinder cone volcano. | relatively small volcano formed by moderate to explosive eruptions of tephra |
| Composite volcano. | steep-sided volcano formed from alternating layers of violent eruptions of tephra and quieter eruptions of lava |
| bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air | Tephra |
| hot,molten rock material that has been forced upward from deep inside Earth, which may cause magma to break through Earth's mantle and crust and may form volcanoes | Hot spot |
| long crack,fissure,or trough that forms between tectonic plates moving apart at plate boundaries. | Rift |
| molten rock | Magma |
| subduction takes placeat-boundaries | Convergent |
| What does the Richter scale measure? | magnitude of an earthquake |
| How are tectonics plates moved around? | by convection currents |
| Where do most volcanoes and earthquakes occur? | near plate boundaries |
| what is divided into 13 major plates? | Lithosphere |
| what are the seismic waves that do the most damage to structures and property during an earthquake? | Surfaces waves |
| what is an avalanche of glowing rocks flowing on a cushion of hot gases? | Pyroclastic flow |
| which type of plate boundary caused the formation of the Soufriere Hills valcano? | Convergent boundary caused the formation. |
| what is the cause of the valcanoes on Hawaii? | Hot spot caused these volcanoes. |
| which type of lava flows easily? | Basaltic |
| which seismic wave moves through earth at the fastest speed? | Primary waves |
| What factors detrimine an earthquakes intensity on the modified Mercalli Scale? | the amount of structural and geologic damage done |
| Name three types of plate boundaries and give an example of each. | Convergent-Soufriere Hill,Transfor-San Andreas fault,divergent-Mid-Atlantic Ridge |
| compare and contrast magnitude and intensity. | Magnitude measures energy released, and intensity measures damage done. They both measure earthquakes. |
