| A | B |
|---|
| Nationalism | Common customs, language & history |
| Latin Leaders who worked to gain independence for their nation | Toussaint L’Ouverture,Simon Bolivar, Jose San Martin |
| Toussaint L’Ouveture | Latin American leader who liberated Haiti |
| Jose San Martin | Latin American leader who won Chile’s independence |
| Simon Bolivar | Latin American leader who fought for liberation of Venezuela |
| Reasons for Latin American Revolutions | French and American Revolutions, Monroe Doctrine, Unfair treatment, ·Weak Spain & Portugal |
| Causes of Revolutions of 1848 | Struggle between liberal and conservative ideas, Economic slump, poor harvests, Scandals in government |
| Effects of Revolutions of 1848 | Louis Phillipe abdicates, Second Republic of France proclaimed, · Deep differences remain between radicals and liberals |
| Liberals | Beliefs: people have right to vote, government should protect people’s basic rights, constitution and separation of powers, capitalist economy and freedom of religion |
| Conservatives | Beliefs: monarch should rule, governments should focus on stability and order, economy controlled by the government, should have established church |
| Market Economy | An economy in which the greater part of production, distribution, and exchange is controlled by individuals and privately owned corporations rather than the government, government interference is minimal |
| Laissez faire | The idea that the government should not interfere or regulate industries & businesses (economics) |
| Penisulares | Colonists born in Spain & Portugal |
| Creoles | Colonists born in Latin America to Spanish parents |
| Mullato | Mixed European & African ancestry |
| Mestizo | Mixed Spanish & Native Americans |
| Native Americans & Africans | Used as slaves |
| Monroe Doctrine | Stated that “American continents were not to be subjected to future colonization by any European powers.” |
| Causes of Franco-Prussian War | Rivalry between Prussia & France, Ems Dispatch, Blood and Iron Policy |
| Results of Franco-Prussian War | 6 week war; quick victory for Prussia, German states united, Kaiser William I and Chancellor Otto von Bismarck |
| Important result of French Revolution | Rise of Nationalistic Movements |
| Unification of Italy | Successful example of nationalism in Europe |
| 3 Nationalist leaders who lead unification efforts in Italy | Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour |
| Guiseppe Mazzini | Rebel who founded “Young Italy”—secret national society |
| Guiseppe Garibaldi | Member of “Young Italy”, Lead volunteer army called “Red Shirts” |
| Camillo Cavour | Prime Minister of Sardinia, Started war to gain land and build power |
| Hildago | Lead Native Americans & Mexicans in revolt against Spain |
| Otto von Bismarck | Lead drive for German Unification, Blood & Iron Policy |
| Realpolitik | Bismarck’s political policy |
| Blood and Iron Policy | Bismarck's military policy |
| Dreyfus Affair | Act of anti-semitism that tore France apart, Jewish officer acused of treason |
| Anti-Semitism | Prejudice against Jewish people |
| Zionist | A person devoted to creating the Jewish homeland of Israel |
| Zionism | Belief that Jewish people should have their own nation |
| Social Darwinism | Using Darwin’s principle of Natural Selection and Survival of the Fittest to describe people and justify imperialism |
| Suffrage | Voting rights |
| Intellectuals of Russia | A group of people that made the czar feel threatened |
