| A | B |
|---|
| factors of production | basic resources necessary for industrialization (land, capital, labor) |
| enclosure movement | forced off common lands and comined individual strips of land into one big section |
| Jethro Tull | invented seed drill to plant seeds in regular rows vs. scattered by hand |
| Charles "Turnip" Townshend | crop roatation vs. leaving land fallow |
| Robert Ransome | iron plow with standard parts vs. wooden plow |
| need for farm laborers decreased | this resulted in farm laborers moving into cities |
| James Watt | patented modern steam engine |
| Henry Bessemer | created cheaper and more efficient way to make steel |
| Bessemer Process | forcing air through metal to burn out impurities |
| John Macadam | improved roads using primitive asphalt concrete |
| George Stephenson | perfected locomotive steam engine |
| Robert Fulton | first profitable steamboat line |
| Samuel Morse | invented telegraph and Morse Code |
| Cyrus Fields | layed communications cable across Atlantic Ocean in 1806 |
| Cyrus McCormack | invented reaper to cut grain |
| Morse Code | electrical currents over a wire used for communications |
| proprietorship | business owned by one person |
| corporation | businesses that allow people to buy stock company |
| Jeremy Benthum | utilitarianism: people should be educated, reform of prison system |
| Charles Dickens | hard times in urban life in Great Britain |
| Eli Whitney | inventor of cotton gin and interchangable parts for muskets |
| bourgeoisie | business owners |
| proletariat | working class |
| partnership | business owned by two or more people |
| socialism | governmemt owns factories |
| Adam Smith | founder of economics law of supply and demand |
| David Ricardo | law of iron wages=higher populations lead to lower wages |
| steam engines | important invention in 1700s |
| laissez-faire | leave things alone without government involvement |
| industrial capitalism | production/manufacturing of goods |
| commercial capitalism | goods bought and sold |
| Thomas Malthus | principles of population: human misery and poverty enevitable when popultion increases |
| John Stuart Mill | government should work for well-being of all citizens: protect women and children in labor |
| Karl Marx | called for social revolution-wrote 'The Communist Manifesto' (book) |
