| A | B |
|---|
| constant | Particles in any matter are in _____, random motion. |
| random | Particles in any matter are in constant, ____ motion. |
| kinetic | Due to constant and random motion, each particle has ____ energy. |
| average | The ____ kinetic energy of the particles in an object determines the object's temperature. |
| temperature | The average kinetic energy of the particles in an object determines the object's _____. |
| total | The ___ kinetic energy of all the particles in an object determines the object's thermal energy. |
| thermal | The total kinetic energy of all the particles in an object determines the object's ____ energy. |
| thermal energy | Any object that has a temperature has ____. |
| mass | The total amount of thermal energy depends on ____. |
| more mass | = more thermal energy |
| less mass | = less thermal energy |
| heat | amount of thermal energy transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object |
| warmer | Heat is the amount of thermal energy transferred from a ____ object to a cooler object. |
| cooler | Heat is the amount of thermal energy transferred from a warmer object to a ____ object. |
| faster-moving | ____ particles in a warmer object transfer some of their energy to the slower-moving particles in a cooler object. |
| slower-moving | Faster-moving particles in a warmer object transfer some of their energy to the ____ particles in a cooler object. |
| thermal equlibrium | when objects in contact are the same temperature |
| no heat | ____ is transferred in thermal equilibrium. |
| conduction | energy transfer by particle collisions |
| collisions | In conduction energy is transferred by particle ____. |
| example of conduction | metal spoon in a pot of boiling water |
| transfer | In conduction faster-moving particles collide with slower-moving particles and ___ some of their kinetic energy. |
| convection | transfer of thermal energy by mass movement of particles in a liquid or gas |
| liquid or gas | Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by mass movement of particles in a ____. |
| expansion | Heat causes ____. |
| decrease | Expansion causes a ___ in density. |
| density | Expansion causes a decrease in ____. |
| rise | Warm liquids (or gases) ____. |
| cooler | ____ liquids (or gases) are denser than warmer liquids (or gases). |
| sink | Cooler liquids (or gases) ____. |
| denser | Cooler liquids (or gases) are ___ than warmer liquids (or gases). |
| convection | transfer of thermal energy by mass movement of particles in a liquid or gass |
| convection current | circulation (loop) of liquid or gas due to temperature differences |
| differences | Convection current circulation continues as long as there are ____ in temperature. |
| radiation | when a substance emits electromagnetic waves that carry energy |
| electromagnetic | Radiation is when a substance emits ____ waves that carry energy. |
| all objects | ____ emit electromagnetic waves. |
| human eye | Visible light can be seen by the ____. |
| visible | ____ light can be seen by the human eye. |
| infrared | ____ light cannot be seen by the human eye. |
| conductor | material that conducts thermal energy (or electrical charges) well |
| metals | ____ are good conductors |
| examples of conductors | steel, iron, aluminum, copper, brass, silver and gold |
| insulator | material that conducts thermal energy (or electricity) poorly |
| examples of good insulators | most fabrics, plastic, wood, glass, cork and air |
| well | Conductors conduct thermal energy ____. |
| poorly | Insulators conduct thermal energy ____. |
| heat capacity | ____ is measured as a change in temperature. |
| change | Heat capacity is measured as a ____ in temperature. |
| aluminum | ____ has the highest temperature. |
| water | ___ has the lowest temperature. |
| highest | Aluminum has the ___ temperature. |
| lowest | Water has the ___ temperature. |
