| A | B |
|---|
| Learning | Relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of past experience. |
| Classical Conditioning | Learning by association |
| Operant Conditioning | Learning from the consequences of our behavior |
| Shaping | Reinforcing successively closer approximations of a behavior until the correct behavior is displayed. |
| Stimulus Discrimination | The occurence of a learned response to a specific stimulus but not to other, similar stimuli. |
| Stimulus Generalization | The occurence of a learned response not only to the original stimulus but to other, similar stimuli as well. |
| Extinction | The gradual weakening and disappearance of conditioned behavior |
| Positive Reinforcement | A situation in which a response is followed by the addition of a reinforcing stimulus, increasing the likelihood of the response being repeated in similar situations. |
| Negative Reinforcement | Removal of an unpleasant or aversive stimulus from a situation, thereby strengthening future occurences of the behavior tha brings about this removal. |
| Punishment | A process that decreases the occurence of a behavior. |
| Partial Reinforcement | A situation in which the occurrence of a particular response is only sometimes followed by a reinforcer. |
| Fixed-Interval Schedule | A reinforcer is deleivered for the first response that occurs after a fixed interval has passed. |
| Fixed-Ratio Schedule | A reinforcer is delivered after a fixed number of responses has occurered. |
| Variable-Ratio Schedule | A reinforcer is delivered after an average number of responses that varies unpredictabley from trial to trial. |
| Behavior Modification | The application of learning principles to help people develop more effective or adaptive behaviors |
| Cognitive Perspective | Learning involves mental processes |
| Cognitive Map | Term to describe the mental representation of the layout of a familiar environment. |
| Observational Learning | Learning that occurs through observing the actions of others |
| Unconditioned Stimulus | The natural stimulus that procduces a reflexive response without the necessity of prior learning. |
| Conditioned Response | The learned, reflexive response to a conditioned stimulus |
