| A | B |
|---|
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | law that set up the basic structure of the Federal judiciary |
| Alexander Hamilton | the first Secretary of the Treasury, a staunch federalist |
| Cabinet | the president's chief advisors |
| Bank of the United States | advocated by Hamilton to issue paper money and handle tax reciepts and other government funds |
| Democratic-Republicans | Jefferson's party- feared too much federal power and advocated states' rights |
| protective tariff | tax on imported goods |
| excise tax | tax on a product's manufacture sale or distribution |
| Whiskey Rebellion | uprising by backwoods Pennsylvania farmers to protest the excise tax on whiskey |
| neutrality | not supporting either side in a war |
| Edmond Genet | Frenchman who came to the United States to recruit soldiert so fight for France against Britain in 1793 |
| Thomas Pinckney | negotiated a treaty with Spain that gained the right of deposit in New Orleans and navigation rights on the Mississippi |
| Little Turtle | leader of the Miami Confederacy; fought American expansion into the NW territory |
| Mad Anthony Wayne | fought and defeated the Miami Confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers |
| John Jay | negotiated a treaty with the British over control of the NW territory |
| sectionalism | placing the interests of one's region over those of the nation as a whole |
| XYZ affair | scandal in which French diplomats demanded a bribe from American envoys as the price of meeting with the French prime minister |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | laws that restricted freedom to be critical of the government and gave the president powers to deport "dangerous aliens" |
| nullification | belief that states have the right to cancel or nullify federal laws that they believe to be unconstitutional |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | attempts at nullifying the Alien and Sedition Acts |
| Lewis and Clark | sent by Jefferson to explore and survey the Louisiana Purchase territories |
| Aaron Burr | defeated by Jefferson in the election of 1800, later killed Hamilton in a duel |
| John Marshall | first chief justice of the United States, a staunch federalist |
| Judiciary Act of 1801 | increased the number of federal judgeships, set the stage for appointment of midnight judges |
| midnight judges | judicial appointments made by Adams on his last day in office |
| Marbury v. Madison | established judicial review |
| judicial review | principle that the Supreme Court can declare an act of the Congress or the President to be unconstitutional |
| Louisiana Purchase | 1803; doubled the size of the United States |
| Sacajawea | Native American woman who accompanied Lewis and Clark on their expedition to explore Louisiana |
| blockade | to prevent ships from entering or leaving a country |
| impressment | the practice of seizing American sailors at sea and drafting them into the British navy |
| William Henry Harrison | fought and defeated Tecumseh at the Battle of Tippecanoe |
| war hawks | group of young congressmen who were eager for war against Britain in 1812, led by John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay |
| Andrew Jackson | hero of the Battle of New Orleans |
| Treaty of Ghent | ended the War of 1812 |
| armistice | an end to fighting |
