| A | B |
|---|
| < 135 meq/L | hyponatremia |
| hyponatremia | hypoaldosteronism |
| hyponatremia | diabetic ketoacidosis |
| hyponatremia | renal tubular acidosis |
| hyponatremia | alkalosis in compensation |
| > 145 meq/L | hypernatremia |
| hypernatremia | hyperaldosteronism |
| hypernatremia | diabetes insipidis |
| hypernatremia | hypokalemia |
| hypernatremia | acidosis in compensation |
| sodium | blood level increased by aldosterone |
| potassium | blood level decreased by aldosterone |
| < 3.5 meq/L | hypokalemia |
| hypokalemia | diabetes mellitus in hyperglycemic states treated with insulin |
| <3.0 meq/L K+ | critical value |
| hypokalemia | alkalosis in compensation |
| hypokalemia | hyperaldosteronism |
| hypokalemia | renal tubular acidosis |
| > 5.0 meq/L | hyperkalemia |
| hyperkalemia | hemolysis |
| hyperkalemia | massive transfusions |
| hyperkalemia | diabetic ketoacidosis |
| hyperkalemia | hypoaldosteronism |
| hyperkalemia | acidosis in compensation |
| hyperkalemia | thrombocytosis |
| <98 meq/L | hypochloremia |
| hypochloremia | prolonged vomiting |
| hypochloremia | diabetic ketoacidosis |
| hypochloremia | hyperaldosteronism |
| hypochloremia | metabolic alkalosis |
| hypochloremia | compensated respiratory acidosis |
| > 106 meq/L | hyperchloremia |
| hyperchloremia | renal tubular acidosis |
| hyperchloremia | hypoaldosteronism |
| hyperchloremia | metabolic acidosis |
| hyperchloremia | compensated respiratory alkalosis |
| < 22 meq/L | decreased bicarbonate |
| decreased bicarbonate | metabolic acidosis |
| decreased bicarbonate | compensated respiratory alkalosis |
| decreased bicarbonate | renal tubular acidosis |
| decreased bicarbonate | hypoaldosteronism |
| >29 meq/L | increased bicarbonate |
| increased bicarbonate | metabolic alkalosis |
| increased bicarbonate | compensated respiratory acidosis |
| increased bicarbonate | hypokalemia |
| increased bicarbonate | excessive antacids |
| < 8.7 mg/dL | hypocalcemia |
| hypocalcemia | tetany |
| hypocalcemia | hypoparathyroidism |
| hypocalcemia | hypovitaminosis D |
| hypocalcemia | hyperphosphatemia |
| >10.2 mg/dL | hypercalcemia |
| hypercalcemia | hyperparathyroidism |
| < ionized calcium | tetany |
| alkalosis | decreased ionized calcium |
| hypercalcemia | hypervitaminosis D |
| hypercalcemia | bone neoplasms |
| <2.7 mg/dL | hypophosphatemia |
| hypophosphatemia | hypovitaminosis D |
| hypophosphatemia | alcohol withdrawal |
| hypophosphatemia | hyperparathyroidism |
| hyperphosphatemia | > 4.5 mg/dL |
| hyperphosphatemia | hypoparathyroidism |
| hyperphosphatemia | hypervitaminosis D |
| hyperphosphatemia | hemolysis |
| hyperphosphatemia | lymphoblastic leukemia |
| <1.6 mg/dL | hypomagnesemia |
| hypomagnesemia | tetany |
| hypomagnesemia | diabetes mellitus |
| hypomagnesemia | alcoholism |
| hypomagnesemia | eclampsia in pregnancy |
| >2.4 mg/dL | hypermagnesemia |
| hypermagnesemia | hypoaldosteronism |
| hypermagnesemia | severe diabetic acidosis |
| hypermagnesemia | renal failure |
| hypermagnesemia | hemolysis |
| 10-20 | normal anion gap |
| <10 | decreased anion gap |
| >20 | increased anion gap |
| increase anion gap | renal failure |
| increase anion gap | dehydration |
| increase anion gap | hypocalcemia |
| increase anion gap | hypomagnesemia |
| increase anion gap | ingestion of ethanol |
| decreased anion gap | nephrotic syndrome |
| decreased anion gap | hypercalcemia |
| decreased anion gap | hypermagnesemia |
| decreased anion gap | multiple myeloma |
| <5 | analytical error |
