| A | B |
|---|
| Matter | anything that takes up space |
| Atom | the smallest particle of an element |
| Element | made of only one type of atom |
| Compound | made up of 2 or more elements |
| Selectively Permeable | will only allow certain size particles to move in and out of the cell membrane |
| Diffusion | the movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration |
| Osmosis | the movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration |
| Passive Transport | diffusion and osmosis would be examples because this type of movement does not require energy |
| Active Transport | the movement of molecules from low concentration to high concentration; requires energy |
| Endocytosis | the process of moving larger molecules through the membrane; occurs when the cell membrane "wraps around" a molecule |
| Exocytosis | a special process the cell uses to remove materials from inside the cell |
| Asexual Reproduction | the type of reproduction that involves only one parent; offspring is identical to the parent |
| Sexual Reproduction | the type of reproduction that requires the joining of sperm and egg cells |
| Hermaphrodite | an organism that has both male and female reproductive organs |
| Mitosis | the process that body cells use to reproduce |
| Meiosis | the process that sex cells use to reproduce |
| Fission | a type of reproduction where an organism will divide in two |
| Budding | a type of reproduction that occurs when the offspring will grow off of the parent |
| Regeneration | occurs when offspring develop from a piece of a parent or when an organism has the ability to re-grow missing body parts |
| Parthenogenesis | also known as the "virgin birth" because females produce offspring without receiving sperm from the male |
| Watson and Crick | received credit for discovering the structure of DNA |
| Rosalind Franklin | the person that actually discovered the structure of DNA |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| RNA | Ribonucleic Acid |
| Chromosome | structure found in the nucleus of a cell and is made up of DNA |
| 23 | the number of chromosomes in a normal human sex cell |
| 46 | the number of chromosomes in a normal human body cell |
| Mutation | a "mistake" in the DNA sequence; can be good, bad, or neutral |
| Nitrogen Base | makes up a "rung" on the DNA ladder |
| Adenine | a nitrogen base that always pairs with thymine on the DNA ladder |
| Guanine | a nitrogen base that always pairs with cytosine on the DNA ladder |
| Cytosine | a nitrogen base that always pairs up with guanine on the DNA ladder |
| Thymine | always pairs with adenine on the DNA ladder |
| Phosphate-Sugar Combination | makes up the "rails" of the DNA ladder |
| XX | chromosome combination that indicates "female" |
| XY | chromosome combination that indicates "male" |
| Haploid | means in "single form" or half of the total chromosome number |
| Diploid Cell | a cell that has pairs of chromosomes (like a body cell) |
| Organic | a substance that contains carbon and hydrogen |
