| A | B |
|---|
| biotic | living factors in an ecosystem |
| ecosystem | living organisms and the nonliving factors that affect them |
| habitat | the place an organism lives |
| biosphere | all the regions on the planet Earth where life can survive and be found |
| bioenergetics | the study of the flow and transformation of energy in living systems |
| 1st law of thermodinamics | energy can neither be created nor destroyed it can only change form, it can be transferd or transformed |
| 2nd law of thermodinamics | when energy is transformed the amount of usable energy decreases, it can be transferd or transformed.It increases entropy in the universe |
| law of the conservation of energy | 1st law of bioenergetics |
| entropy | the disorder of a system |
| metabolism | all of the chemical reactions in an organism |
| synthesis (anabolism) | chemical reactions that produce new tissue or larger more complex substances in organisms |
| decomposition (catabolism) | chemical reactions that release energy and provide building blocks for organisms |
| ATP | energy carrying molecule that provides cells with energy for immediate use |
| ADP | energy carrying molecule after its energy has been released |
| GTP | energy carrying molecule which contains the nitrogen base guanine |
| UTP | energy carrying molecule which contains the nitrogen base uracil |
| free energy | only form of energy can be used to do work by a living organism |
| chemical energy | type of potential energy is found in covalent bonds |
| nutrients | raw materials needed by an organism to make complex molecules |
| calorie | the amount of heat needed to raise a gram of water from 15°C to 16°C |
| kilocalorie | amount of heat needed to raise 1,000 grams of water from 15°C to 16°C |
| Calorie | unit used to describe amount of heat energy found in food |
| joule | unit of measurement is for heat energy used in the international system |
| heterotrophs | organisms that must obtain their nutritional needs from preformed organic molecules found in the environment |
| autotrophs | organisms that can obtain their nutritional need from simple inorganic molecules found in the environment |
| photosynthesis | process that uses light energy to convert inorganic molecules into organic nutrients |
| cellular respiration | process that releases chemical energy from organic nutrients |
| producers | organisms that provide food for all of the other organisms in an ecosystem |
| consumers | organisms that use plants and /or other organisms as their source of nutrition in an ecosystem |
| decomposers | organisms that return simple inorganic molecules to ecosystem by using dead plants and animals as their source of nutrition |
| food web | the flow of energy and nutrients through the organisms found in an ecosystem |
| abiotic factor | nonliving factors found in an ecosystem |
| active site | the portion of an enzyme that attaches to substrate through weak chemical bonds |
| cellular respiration | the series of chemical reations by which a living cells break down carbohydrates and attains energy from them |
| chemosynthesis | a biochemical pathway that uses energy from the oridation of unorganic substances to drive the formation of organic molecules |
| entropy | a mesure of the dgree of disorginization of a system that is how much energy in a system has become so dispersed that it is no longer available to do work |
| peristalsis | the rythmic waves of contraction of the smooth muscles that pushes food through the digestive system |
| photoautotroph | an organism that gets energy from light and forms its own food from abiotic carbon resouces |
| saqlivary amylase | an ensyme in saliva that begins digestion of starch and converts int disaccharides |
| substrate | a molucule on which an enzyme acts |
| CHEMICAL ENERGY | Energy stored in organic molecules. Organisms use it to do work. |
| FREE ENERGY | The portion of CHEMICAL ENERGY available to do work. |
| CHEMICAL WORK | 1. Constructing and breaking down large moleucles. 2. Organizing these molecules into cells, muscle and skin. |
| TRANSPORT WORK | Moving and conentrating NUTRIENTS |
| NUTRIENTS | A substance that supports the growth and organization of an organism. |
| HETERO | other |
| AUTO | Self |
| -TROPH | feeding |
| PHOTO | light |
| CHEMO | chemical |
| SYNTHESIS | making, puting together. |
| HETEROTROPH | obtain energy from other organisms |
| AUTOTROPHS | obtain energy and nutrients from SUN and INORGANIC CHEMICALS |
| PHOTOSYNTHESIS | Capture enegy from Sun, Water and CO2. Produce Glucose and Oxygen |
| PHOTOAUTOTROPHS | Get energy from photosynthesis |
| CHEMOSYNTHESIS | Used by bacteria to get energy from INorganic chemicals |
| PRODUCERS | Autotrophs, produce energy from the sun |
| CONSUMERS | Consume plants and animals for energy |
| DECOMPOSERS | Heterotrophs that break down plants and animals for energy |
| ABIOTIC | non-living, e.g. non living factors in an ecosystem (soil, water) |
| ECOSYSTEM | The biotic and abiotic components of a particular place |
| HABITAT | Places where particular organisms live. |
| Biosphere | All the ECOSYSTEMS on earth. |
| Autotroph/Heterotroph cycle | Plants take CO2 and Water, use energy from sunlight PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Make glucose, release oxygen. Animals take Oxygen and glucose, use AEROBIC RESPIRATION to make engergy; release CO2 and Water. |
| Producers release O2 or CO2 | 02 |
| Producers use 02 or CO2 | CO2 |
| Consumers use O2 or CO2? | O2 |
| Consumers release O2 or CO2? | CO2 |
| Decomposers use/release O2, CO2? | Use 02, Release CO2 |
