| A | B |
|---|
| due process | the principle, guaranteed by the Constitution, that federal and state government must not deprive an individual of life, liberty, or property by unfair or unreasonable actions |
| procedural due process | the rules that police officers, courts, and lawyers must follow to protect persons who are suspected, accused, or convicted of a crime |
| substantive due process | the principle that ensures that laws must be fair to all citizens |
| naturalization | the process by which a person becomes a citizen |
| alien | a person who is not a citizen of the country in which he or she lives in |
| writ of habeaus corpus | literally, meaning "you shall have the body"; a court order that requires a judge to evaluate whether there is sufficient cause for keeping a person in jail |
| ex post facto | literally, "after the fact"; a law, prohibited by the Constitution, that makes criminal an action that was legal when it was committed |
| bill of attainder | a law, prohibited by the Constitution, that pronounces a person guilty of a crime without trial |
| search warrant | a judge's order authorizing the search of a place or person and specifying what evidence can be seized |
| probable cause | the reasonable belief that a search of property will provide evidence in a criminal case |
| exclusionary rule | the rule that evidence gathered in violation of the Constitution cannot be presented in trial |
| indictment | a legal statement charging a person with a crime or other offense |
| double jeopardy | the act of bringing a person to trial a second time for the same crime |
| bail | an amount of money exchanged for the release of an arrested person as a guarantee of his or her appearance for trial at a specified time |
| eminent domain | the government's right to take control of private property for public use |
