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| Legislative Branch | The legislative branch of government is made up of the Congress and government agencies, such as the Government Printing Office and Library of Congress that provide assistance to and support services for the Congress. They make the laws |
| Senate | The United States Senate is one of the two chambers of the bicameral United States Congress, the other being the House of Representatives. This is the Congress |
| House of Representatives: | The United States House of Representatives (or simply the House) is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress, the other being the Senate. This is the Congress |
| Executive Branch: | The executive branch of Government makes sure that the laws of the United States are obeyed. The President of the United States is the head of the executive branch of government. Enforces the laws |
| Veto | The word 'veto' comes from a Latin word and literally means I Forbid. It is used to denote that a certain party has the right to stop unilaterally a certain piece of legislation |
| Impeachment | In the constitutions of several countries, impeachment is the first of two stages in a specific process for a legislative body to remove a government official without that official's agreement. |
| Judicial Branch: | The judicial branch hears cases that challenge or require interpretation of the legislation passed by Congress and signed by the President. |
| Supreme Court: | The Supreme Court consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and such number of Associate Justices as may be fixed by Congress. |
| Dred Scott vs. Sanford: | Dred scott was an enslaved man who owner had taken him into free territory, he claimed because of that he was know free, supreme court decided that a slave was property not a citizen and had no consittuional rights |
| Abraham Lincoln | 16th president of the United States, during the Civil War |
| Emancipation | the act or process of freeing enslaved persons |
| Emancipation Proclamation | written by Lincoln outlawing slavery in the rebel states |
| 13th Amend: | Aboltion of slavery |
| 14th Amend: | rights of citizens |
| 15th Amend: | voting rights |
| Jim Crow laws: | state-madated segregation of public facilities |
| Martin Luther King: | leader in the civil rights movement believed non-violent protest |
| Malcolm X: | black separationist |
| Segregation: | the legal separation of blacks and whites |
| Integration: | ending segregation and allowing blacks equal access to public places |
| Non-violent Protest: | rallies, marches, sit-ins, boycotts, protest done in a peacful manner |
| Separatism: | geographical separtion of races |
| Plessy v. Ferguson: | upheld the separate but equal doctirn used to continue segregation |
| Brown v. Board of Education: | over ruled Plessy v. Ferguson |
| NAACP: | National Association for the Advancedment of Colored People a civil rights organization |
| SCLC | Southern Christian Leadership Conference, a group of balck Christian minister |
| 1964 Civil Right Act: | made segegation illegal and gave all citizens equal access to facilities created the Equal Emploment Opportunity Comission |
| 1965 Voting Rights Act: | allowed federal examiners to register cualified voters suspended discriminatory devices such as literary test |
| SNCC: | Student non-violent Coordinating: Civil Rights Group |
| Black Panthers: | militant African Americans who believed a revolution was neccesary |
| Check and Balances | A system that gives each of the 3 Branches ways to limit the powers of the other branches. |
| Veto | # Disapproval of a bill or resolution by the President. |
| Judicial Review | The power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of the actions of the legislative and executive branches of government |
| Executive Branch | The branch of the federal government which includes the President, Cabinet members and federal agencies and is responsible for carrying out the laws |
| Legislative Branch | the lawmaking part of the United States government. The legislative branch includes the two chambers of the Congress of the United States—the Senate and the House of Representatives—and their staffs. The legislative branch passes bills that become law if they are signed by the president of the United States |
| Judicial Branch | the portion of the United States national government that decides cases arising under federal laws and under the Constitution of the United States. The judicial branch interprets laws that have been passed |
| Separation of Powers | government principle in which power is divided among different branches |
| Bill of Rights | a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the US Constitution) |
| due process | a judicial requirement that laws may not treat individuals unfairly, arbitrarily or unreasonable, and that courts must follow proper proceedures and rules when trying |
| 19th Ammendment | The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied by the United States or by any State on account of sex. |
| assimilation | absorbtion a group into the larger culture of a population |
| gradualism | theory that slavery should be ended gradually |
| immediatism | theory that slavery should be ended immediately |
| American Colonization Society | founded by anti-slavery reformers who wanted to move slaves to africa |
| Nat Turner's Rebellion | armed slave rebellion that resulted in the deaths of more than 50 white people. |
| The North | the Union |
| The South | The Confederate States of America |
| Industrial Revolution | rapid development of industry in the early 19th century through the introduction of machines |
| plantation system | farming system where large farms grow typically one cash crop and where the work was done by slaves |
| reconstruction | the period after the American Civil War when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union |
| 40 acres and a mule | term for compensation that was to be awarded to freed African American slaves after the Civil War |
| by any means necessary | Malcom X - use violence to protect yourself |
| UNIA | The Universal Negro Improvement Association |
| Meredith March Against Fear | The Meredith Mississippi March took its name from, who became the first black student to attend the University of Mississippi in 1962, after a ruling by federal courts that he could not be denied admission. On June 5, 1966, he and a few companions, began a walk from Memphis, Tenn. to Jackson, Miss. to encourage African Americans to register and vote. He called it a "march against fear." |
| Chicago | first target in the North of the SCLC, one of the most segregated places in the country ('66), race riots |
| Poor People's Campaign | Tent city in DC after MLK's death, disaster b/c rains, youth gangs, fights |
| Watts | in Los Angeles '65 policeman alledgedly beat pregnant black woman to death -> race riots, (some believe the worst of the century) |
| Oakland | home of the Black Panthers |
| Memphis | MLK assinated there; |
| Loving v Virginia | interracial marriage made legal |
| Roe v Wade | legalized termination of pregnancy |
| ERA | Equal Rights Ammendment - Anti-sex discrimination act |
| What was the unfinished business when the Constitution was ratified in 1787? | The Constitution still protected slavery and denied rights to women and blacks. |
| How has the definition of citizenship changed between 1787 and today? | 1787: had to be a white land-owning male Now: no denial citizenship based on race or gender or land-owning status |
| What were the causes of the Civil War? | Secession of Southern States b/c of disagreement on issue of state's rights/slavery |
| North economic and social advantages in Civil War | More people, more money, more factories, more weaponry, legitimate country, navy |
| South economic and social advantages in Civil War | fighting for something (way of life); more food; better trained soldiers/officers, |
| North economic and social disadvantages in Civil War | weren't fighting for themselves; untrained army/officers |
| South economic and social disadvantages in Civil War | less industry, less people (much of population blacks); no navy; on defensive |
| What was the unfinished business of the Civil War and Reconstruction? | Rights for blacks (enforcement) and women |
| Can the 20th Century Civil Rights Movement be considered the second reconstruction? | Yes, in respect to uniting a divided country. The country was divided along race and gender lines, and the Civil Rights Movement was trying to mend the split. |
| How did the Civil Rights movement spark other rights movement? | The Race Civil Rights Movement led to the Women's and Gay Rights movement. |
