| A | B |
|---|
| cell cycle | The life cycle of a cell |
| chromosome | Coiled DNA that forms inthe cell nucleus during cell division |
| homologous chromosome | Chromosomes with matching information |
| chromatids | Identical chromosome copies |
| centromere | The region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is duplicated |
| mitosis | Nuclear division in which provides each new nucleus with the same amount of chromosomes as the original cell |
| cytokinesis | The division of cytoplasm |
| photosynthesis | The process by which plants capture light light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar |
| cellular respiration | The process of producing ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide and water |
| fermentation | The breakdown of sugars tomake ATP in the absence of oxygen |
| lactic acid fermentation | Occurs in muscle cells and produces a small amount of ATP |
| diffusion | The movement of particles from an area where their concentration is high to an area whrere their concentration is lower |
| osmosis | The diffusion of water |
| passive transport | The diffusion of particles through proteins; does not require energy |
| active transport | The movement of particles through proteins against the normal direction of diffusion; requires energy |
| endocytosis | The process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell |
| exocytosis | The process used to remove large particles from a cell |
