| A | B |
|---|
| permafrost | permanently frozen lower layers of soil |
| light industry | production of consumer goods |
| bauxite | mineral from which aluminum is made |
| steppe | dry, treeless grasslands |
| consumer goods | products for personal use, such as clothing |
| taiga | dry, treeless plains in high altitudes |
| hydroelectric power | electricity generated by water |
| peninsula | land with water on three sides |
| heavy industry | production of industrial goods |
| tundra | huge, subarctic evergreen forests |
| Moscow | capital of Russia |
| Caucasus | mountain range between the Black and the Caspian Seas |
| Ural | mountain range that is the dividing line between Europe and Asia |
| Siberia | extremely cold part of Russia that is made up of many rivers and permafrost |
| czar | former emperor of Russia |
| serf | farm laborers bound to the land |
| industrialize | changing an economy to manufacturing |
| communist state | type of government with a strong control over the economy and society as a whole |
| cold war | period of tension between the U.S. and Russia |
| nuclear energy | power from a controleld atomic reaction |
| life expectancy | number of years that the average person is expected to live |
| urban | a city-like area |
| suburb | smaller community surrounding a city |
| rural | relating to a countryside |
