| A | B |
|---|
| aristocracy | rule by a landholding elite |
| democracy | rule by the people |
| monarchy | rule by a king or queen |
| rhetoric | art of public speaking |
| impact of geography on Greece | Greece was a mountainous peninsula - the mountains isolated the city-states and prevented them from uniting into one country; the nearby sea made Greeks into good sailors, ship builders, traders and fishermen - their economy depended on their location in the Mediterranean Sea |
| Plato | philosopher & student of Socrates; wrote The republic, an ideal state in which a philosopher king would rule & society would be divided into 3 levels: philosopher rulers; warrior defenders & common people who do the work |
| Aristotle | philosopher, advised following the "golden mean" between extremes; believed in government ruled by a strong, virtuous leader |
| polis | Greek city-state built on 2 levels: a hilltop acropolis included a fiortress & temples] & a flat lower level protected by a wall & contained homes, market & theater |
| Pericles & his achievements | led Athens in a "Golden Age" that made Athens the center of greek art, architecture, philosophy, science, eucation; set up a direct democracy in which all Athenian men participated in law making & rebuilt the temples of the Acropolis, including the Parthenon [temple to Athena still standing today] |
| Socrates | Philosopher examined beliefs by asking questions [ Socratic method] |
| oligarchy | rule by a small, powerful group |
| oligarchy | rule by a small, powerful elite ["old" businessmen] |
| Alexander the Great & Hellenistic culture | Alexander conquered almost all of the known world: Greece, persia, Egypt, part of india & everywhere he went, he brought Greek ideas, education, art & architecture - thus Greek culture blended with the cultures of these conquered areas - the blending [cultural diffusion] of Greek, Persian, Egyptian & Indian ideas produced a new culture called the Hellenistic Culture |
| City-state that dominated Greece after the Persian Wars | Athens |
| City-state that trained boys to be soldiers | Sparta |
| Hellenistic Civilization | Blend of Greek, Persian, Indian & Egyptian cultures that evolved after Alexander's conquests through "Cultural Diffusion" |
| Direct democracy | developed in Athens under Pericles; a large number of male citizens participated in the day to day affairs of government by debating & voting on issues in the assembly |
| Characteristics of Hellenistic culture | blend of Greek + other cultures [Egyptian, Indian, Persian]; a "Golden Age" of scientific, artistic, & other achievements |
| Characteristics of Sparta - differences | militaristic, two kings & oligrachy; NO trade & travel; No art or culture; women could own property |
| Characteristics of Athens - differences | direct democracy; encouraged education, trade, travel & the arts; women had no public role |
| similarities of Athens & Sparta | Both: spoke greek; worshipped the same gods; played in the Olympics |
| Code of Hammurabi | written laws for all to see |
