| A | B |
|---|
| heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring. |
| Gregor Mendel | Experimented with the pea plant. Known as the father of genetics. |
| dominant traits | Trait that appeared in Mendel's 1st generation. |
| recessive trait | Trait that appears to recede into the background. |
| sex chromosomes | Carry genes that determine if the offspring will be male or female. |
| alleles | The different forms of genes for a particular trait. |
| phenotype | The physical appearence expressed by trait. |
| probability | The mathematical chance that an event will occur. |
| meiosis | Process that produces cell with half the number of chromosomes. |
| genotype | Inherited combination of alleles. |
| homologous chromosomes | Carry the same kind of information. |
| genes | Segments of DNA that carry hereditary instructions. |
| Punnett square | Used to predict possible combinations of alleles from parents. |
| self-pollinating | Contains male and female reproductive structures. |
| true-breeding | Always produces offspring with the same traits as the parent. |
| sex cells | Formed by meiosis and contain half the number of chromosomes as body cells. |
| cross-pollination | Pollen is transferred from one plant to another. |
| egg | The female reproductive cell. |
| sperm | The male reproductive cell. |
| XX | Female sex chromosomes. |
| XY | Male sex chromosomes. |
| 1st generation | Showed only the dominant traits. |
| 2nd generation | The recessive trait reappeared. |
| asexual reproduction | Only one parent needed to produce offspring. |
| sexual reproduction | When offspring are produced from sex cells from two parents. |
| Walter Sutton | Proposed that genes are located on chromosomes. |
