| A | B |
|---|
| Chips | Integrated circuit |
| Integrated circuit | Thin slice of crystal |
| Motherboard | Contains processor chip, memory chips, I/O chips |
| ROM | Programs to start computer |
| RAM | Temporarily holds data |
| Bus | Transports data between components |
| Port | Provides a plug for a cable that leads to a device |
| Expansion slot | Provides a way to add devices to a computer system |
| Expansion card | Plugs into a slot to provide circuitry for assigned tasks |
| Real-time clock | Battery powered chip |
| Digital device | Works with discrete numbers |
| Analog device | Operates on varying data |
| Bit | Each 1 or 0 that represents data |
| Byte | 8 bits |
| One Character | byte |
| Numeric data | numbers that represent quantities |
| Binary number system | Base two |
| Character data | letters, symbols, numerals |
| ASCII | American Standard Code for Information Interchange |
| EBCDIC | eight bits |
| Data bus | the way data travels |
| Data lines | carry the signals that repreent data |
| Address lines | carry the location of data |
| Memory | electronic circuitry |
| Capacitors | Microscopic electronic parts |
| RAM address | Helps computer locate the data contained in the bank |
| Storage of RAM | measured in megabytes |
| RAM speed | access speed of over 60 nanoseconds |
| Virtual memory | Disk storage that simulates RAM |
| ROM | chips that help a computer prepare for tasks |
| ROM BIOS | tells computer how to access disk drives |
| CMOS | holds data requires little power |
| CPU | circuitry that executes instructions to process data |
| ALU | performs arithmetic operations |
| Registers | holds data being processed |
| Control unit | directs and coordinates processing |
| Instruction | tells computer to perform a specific operation |
| Op code | command word for an operation |
| Opeerands | specify the data or address of the data |
| Instruction cycle | process by which a computer executes a single instruction |
| INP | input the given value |
| CLA | clear the accumulator to 0 |
| MAM | Move the value to memory location |
| MMR | Move the value to register |
| MRA | move value from register to accumulator |
| MAR | move value from accumulator to register |
| ADD | add the values in two registers |
| SUB | subtract the value in second register from value in first register |
| MUL | multiply the values in two registers |
| DIV | divide the value in the first register by the value in the second register |
| INC | Increment value in register by 1 |
| DEC | decrement the value by 1 |
| CMP | compare the values in two registers |
| JMP | Jump to specific instruction |
| HLT | halts program |
| System clock | emits pulses to establish timing |
| Megahertz | millions of cycles per second |
| Word size | refers to number of bits the CPU can handle at one time |
| RAM cache | high speed memory |
| CISC | complex instruction set computer |
| RISC | reduced instruction set computer |
| Pipelining | Processor executes an instruction before it completes the previous one |
| Parallel processing | increases the amount of processing a computer can do |
| Controller card | circuit board that plugs into an expansion slot |
| DB9F | mouse or modem |
| USB A | modem,keyboards,joystick,scanner,mouse |
| DB-25M | printer |
| IEEE 1284 | printer,external CD-ROM, Zip drive |
| C50F | hard disk drive, CD-ROM, scanner |
| HDB15 | monitor |
| Power Up | when you first turn on the switch |
| POST | Power On Self Test |
| IO.SYS & MSDOS.SYS | operating system files |
| COMMAND.COM | "Bad or missing command interpreter" |
| Autoexec.bat | modify your computing environment |
| web.mit.edu/invent | Inventor of the Week archives |
| sysdoc.pari.com/mainboard.html | motherboard technology |
| micro.magnet.fsu.edu/chipshot.html.cards | pictures of microprocessors |
| www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lakes/3553 | parts of a PC |
| www.verinet.com/pc | graphics web site |
