| A | B |
|---|
| gamete | A sex cell. (egg or sperm) |
| homologous chromosome | Chromosomes that have the same length, appearance and copies of genes. |
| diploid | A cell that has two copies of each chromosome, one from an egg and one from a sperm. |
| haploid | A cell that has only one copy of each chromosome. |
| meiosis | A form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells. (forms gametes) |
| law of segregation | Mendels first law, stating that organisms inherit two copies of genes, one from each parent, and organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes. |
| trait | A characteristic that is inherited |
| genetics | The study of the heredity patterns and variation of organisms |
| gene | A specific region of DNA that codes for a particular protein. |
| allele | Any of the alternative forms of a gene that occurs at a specific place on a chromosome |
| homozygous | A characteristic of having two of the same alleles at the same locus of sister chromatids. |
| heterozygous | The characteristic of having two different alleles that appear at the same locus of sister chromatids. |
| genotype | A collection of all of an organisms genetic information that codes for traits.(the genes of an organism) |
| phenotype | A collection of all of an organisms physical characteristics.(what an organism looks like) |
| dominant | The allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present in an organisms genotype. |
| recessive | The allele that is not expressed unless two copies are present in an organism. |
| cross | The mating of two organisms. |
| law of independent assortmant | Mendels 2nd law, stating that allele pairs separate independently from one another during gamete formation. |
| Punnett square | A model for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross or mating. |
| probability | The likelihood that a particular event will happen. |
| somatic cells | The type of cell that makes up all of the body tissues and organs except gametes. |
| autosomes | All your chromosomes except your sex chromosomes. |
| purebred | A type of organism whose ancestors are genetically uniform. |
| crossing over | The exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I. |
| gametogenesis | The process by which gametes are produced. |
| carrier | An organism whose genome contains a gene for a certain trait or disease that is not expressed in the organisms phenotype. |
| incomplete dominance | A heterozygous phenotype that is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes. |
| polygenic trait | A trait that is produced by two or more genes. |
| sex-linked gene | A gene that is located on a sex chromosome. |
| codominance | A heterozygous genotype that equally expresses the traits from both alleles. |
| pedigree | A chart of the phenotypes and genotypes in a family. |
| karyotype | An image of all of the chromosomes in a cell. |
