| A | B |
|---|
| What brief dynasty reunified China between 589 to 618? | Sui Dynasty |
| What were achievements of the Sui Dynasty? | Built the Grand Canal, rebuilt Great Wall, strong central government, congtrolled Central ASia and Korea |
| Why did the Sui Dynasty fall so quickly? | Heavy taxes, overcentralization, military conquests, and forced peasant labor drained taxes and stirred revolt. Last emperor was assassinated. |
| What is the correct order of dynasties? | Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song |
| What was flying money? | Paper money printed by the government as a substitute for heavy copper currency. |
| What is a junk? | A very large flat bottomed sailing ship specially designed for long distance commercial travel. |
| What is tribute? | A system in which countries in East and Southeast Asia not under direct contgrol of Chinese empires acknowledged the superiority of the Chinese emperors in exchange for trading rights or strategic alliances. |
| What produced an agricultural revolution in China? | Inroduction of champa rice, a fast ripening rice that yeilded two crops a year and enabled China to support a large population. |
| Why was rice growing well suited to Confuc ian philosophy? | It demanded the cooperation of large kin groups. |
| How did the agricultural devlopments transform the Chinese economy? | HIgh yields produced commercial agriculture and wealth increased. |
| What is the Mandate of Heaven? | The idea that a dynasty will prosper as long as the emperor rules justly. |
| How was the Tang Dynasty able to extend its boundaries so greatlyt? | Tang armies reconquered northern and western lands. Empress Wu extended control to Korea. |
| How did Tang build a bureaucracy to govern such a huge area? | Tang reintroduced the Han system of civil service examinations and opened schools to train scholars in Confucianism and poetry to established an educated group of workers. |
| How did the civil service exams change Chinese society? | It spread power to educated gentry families, not just a few nobles. |
| Why did Tang fall? | It could not sustain military investment to keep far flung borders safe and internal rebellions arose due to increased taxes. |
| Why is Tang normal in the dynastic cycle? | It endured for 3 centuries, the average life of a dynasty. |
| What was the great artistic achievments of the Tang era? | Poetryand glazed pottery (ceramics) |
| What were technological achievements of Tang and Song Eras? | Magnetic compass, printing press, paper money, gun powder, |
| In addition to rice from Vietnam, what other important agriculutral item was imported and became a staple of Chinese life? | Tea |
| How did Buddhism spread to China? | It was brought from India along the original Silk Road during the Han Dynasty. It fit in with existing Chinese philosophies so was tolerated by the early government. |
| HOw did Buddhism spread from China? | Buddhism was exported from China along sea trade routes during the Tang Dynasty to Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. |
| What developments contributed to the population explosion during the Tang and Song Dynasties? | High yield rice and efficient transport along the Grand Canal. The rise in population meant more pesants and but also strained food supplies fpor the growing urban population. |
| How did China become a major commercial power? | During the Tang, the Silk Road was guarded and trade flourished. The magnetic compass and design of junk ship made sea travel better. Chinese trade extended to Southeast Asia, Japan and to the East Coast of Africa. |
| How did Confucianism regain dominance as the official philosophy? | Tang rulers restored civil service exams based on confucian classics and set up schools to educate scholar gentry in Confucianism and poetry. It was THE official government ideology. |
| What were Jinshi exams? | Jinshi means advanced scholar. Jin means manly virtue. The exams tested understanding of the Confucian classics. Passing grade guaranteed a good government job. Failure meant family disgrace. |
| How did women losie status from Tang to Song Periods? | Women were always inferior to men in general in China but the practice of foot binding among elite classes reflected the ultimate trophy wife - beautiful and impractical. |
| How did the Song lose geographic control of Northern China? | The Jurchen tribe from northern Manchuria took over Northern China. |
| How did Song remain dominant culture even after takeover in the north? | Tradition and continued trade contacts kept culture in Chinese traditions. |
| What were greatest artistic accomplishments of Song? | Painting and porcelain. |
| How was Korea affected by China? How not? | Korea was broght under Chinese domination in Tang Dynasty; the Chinese writing system, Buddhism, and trade influenced Korea. |
| How was Vietnam affected by China? How was it unique? | Vietnam accepted some Chinese cultural traditions and Buddhism but did not accept the written language. |
| What are four factors that acounted for the Mongols' extraordinary conquest? | Mongol rule spread quickly because of Genghis Khan's ability to organize armies, plan good war strategies, use improved tehnologies like weapons, and terrify the population. |
| What brilliant and ruthless leader united all Mongols into an effective conquering army? | Genghis Khan (Temujin) |
| What innovation from the Eastern Steppe nomads made the Mongol horsemen into such a powerful cavalry? | The stirru allowed riders to stand, turn and shoot arrows behind them. |
| What was the impact on Mongol rule on merchant and artisan groups? | Mongols gave merchants status. The Pax Mongolica or mongol Peace brought stability and order across ,much of Eurasia. Trade routes and travellers were protected. |
| What mighty ruler conquered China and founded the Yuan Dynasty? | Kublai Khan |
| Where did Kublai khan move his imperial capital? | Peking (Beijing) |
| What nation did Kublai Khan fail to conquer? | Japan |
| What Venetian visitor brought back wonderous tales that nobydy believed about life in Kublai Khan's splendid capital? | Marco polo |
| What new kind of money did Tang tea merchants invent to replace carrying heavy bronze coins? | Flying (paper) money |
| What was the effect of Mongol Rule on Russia? | The Gold Horde allowed russian nobles to collect tribute and keep their positions. they tolerated the Russian Orthodox Church. They ruled with an iron fist for 200 years and separated Russia from Europe. |
| What was the effect of Mongol rule on trade? | It was encouraged and protected. |
