| A | B |
|---|
| Characteristics of non-metals | hold electrons tightly |
| ionic bond | gain electrons (w/ metals) |
| covalent bond | share electrons(w/ non-metals) |
| Hydrogen | color less, odor less, and tasteless gas |
| group 17 | halogens |
| ionic bonding | when bonding w. metals they gain eletrons |
| halogens means | salt forming |
| Chlorine | found in the sea water |
| Hydrogen | highest of all elements |
| Chlorine | dark red liquid at room temp. |
| Characteristics of non-metals | good insulators(poor conductors) |
| Astatine | radioactive and found in uranium ore |
| Chlorine | extremely poisnous |
| halogens | all halogens are poisonous and will burn the skin when in element form, but they dont occur in nature |
| brine | a concentrated salt or ocean water solution |
| halogens | have 7 outer eletrons-gains to have 8 |
| Iodine | can be gotten for sea water |
| diatomic molecule | a particle made of 2 of the same atoms bonded covalently |
| Chlorine | makes dyes |
| Chlorine | at room temp. it is a shiny gray solid becomes a purple vapor when heated |
| Hydrogen | used to use this for blimps and balloons |
| Iodine | needed in diet- lack of it may cause swelling of the hyroid glands |
| bromine | used on anti-knock compounds for engine |
| Astatine | one of the rarest elements in nature |
| Hydrogen | never found as just a single atom |
| Characteristics of non-metals | not shiny(dull) |
| All halogens are.... | diatomic |
| Flourine | most reactive of all chemial elements |
| Chlorine | most abuntant halogen |
| covalent bonding | when bonding w/ non-metals they share electrons |
| Characteristics of non-metals | not malleable or ductile(brittle) |
| Chlorine | used in disinfect drinking water and pools |
| Flourine | is a corrosine pale yellow gas |
| hydrogen | +1 oxidation state when combining w/ non-metals |
| Flourine | fluorocarbon gases like frein are used in refrigerators and air conditioners, but they destroy the ozone layer |
| Chlorine | found in cleaning products and bleaches |
| Characteristics of non-metals | gains or share electrons |
| ozone layer | layer of the atmosphere that pretects us fron UV rays |
| Flourine | are used in water and toothpasts. to strengthen teeth and prevent tooth decay |
| hydrogen | -1 oxidation state when combining w/ metals |
| Astatine | is a metalloid |
| Group 18 | noble gases |
| Helium | used in airships and ballons |
| noble gases | have 8 outer electrons- very stable |
| Argon | used in fluorscent lights |
| superconductor | super cool metal that offer no restance to an electical current |
| Helium | is used to cool metals to extremely |
| Krypton | used 2 fluorscent lights |
| Argon | used in protect filamed in light bulbs make them last longer |
| Xenon | used on strobe lights |
| noble gases | don't combine w/ others in nature |
| Radon | most dense gas known |
| Helium, Neon, Argon | in lighted signs |
| Nitrogen | is in cleaners |
| boron | metalloid |
| Helium | less dense than air |
| nitrates | found as minerals- from lighting or made by bacteria |
| Boron Group | boron, alumiunm nitrogen, phosphoras, arsenci, antmony, bismuth |
| Radon | radioactive |
| Oxgen group | has 6 outer e- |
| Helium | in liquid forms- used in refrigartors |
| Radon | used to treat cancer |
| Argon | used between glass pans in windows |
| noble gases | some are found by distillation |
| distillation | a process in which liquids are separeated by their boiling pts. |
| alumium | used in medicines, deodorants, dyes, pigments |
| bouxite | the ore that Al comes from |
| buralmuin | alloy of Al, Cu, Mn, Mg - it is less dense then steel, but strong and used in aircraft |
| Nitrogen | gas need by every living thing |
| alnico | alloy Al, Ni, and Cu - it is need to make strong magnets |
| boron | dont find in free in nature |
| alumium | good conductor- used in cook wear, planes wire and foil |
| Nitrogen | composes 79% of air |
| boron | are used for high energy jet and rocket fuel |
| Nitrogen | we get N2 in the form of nitrates |
| boron | used in boric acid(a mild antisepic) |
| Nitrogen | diatomic--N2 |
| Nitrogen | makes up ammonia -NH3 |
| alumium | most abundant metal found in the crust |
| boron | used in borax(water soften) |
| oxygen | only element in this group that has 8 it is a gas others are solids |
| Tellurium | names for latin word " tellus" |
| Selenium | named for the Greek word selena which means "moon" |
| oxygen | one of the most reactive non-metals |
| tellus means | "Earth" |
| photocells | used in copy machines |
| Nitrogen | usd to make fertizers and explosives |
| Carbon | is the first element in the Carbon group |
| Phosphoras | solid at room temp. |
| Carbon | 2nd most abumdant element in the body |
| oxygen | can form compounds make up 50% of the mass of the crust |
| Nitrogen | used in laughing gas |
| Selenium | gives up electrons when exposes to light and conducts electricty- used in photoconductors - a material that allows electrons to flow when light is present |
| oxygen | can form compounds w/ just about every other element |
| Sulfur | mined by the Frasch process producing 90% pure |
| Bismuth | used in automatic sprinklers systems cuz it has a low pt. |
| Phosphoras | exists as allotropes- different forms of the same element w/ different properties because atoms arranged the same |
| Sulfur | found free or in coumpounds |
| phosphoras | found in DNA |
| Selenium | needed in human diet in large amounts |
| Bismuth | used in medicines to soothe and coat stomach |
| phosphoras | phospate found in fertilizers |
| oxygen | forms ozone (O3) formed during lighting storms |
| Sulfur | form sulfides used i insecticides, fertilizers, medicine and rubber |
| Selenium | used in photocells -the eletron eye in cameras that automatically adjust the light |
| Arsenic | used as a poison |
| antmony | has metallic properties |
| Selenium | found in deposits of free sulfur |
| red phosphoras | not very reactive at room temp. |
| Bismuth | true metal |
| antmony | used in alloys tp reduce the melting pt. and hardness of metals |
| Tellurium | poisonous-makes breath smell like garlic |
| red phosphoras | used in matches |
| phosphoras | most common allotrops are red and white |
| Selenium | used as an insectide |
| Tellurium | usually combined w/ gold |
| white phosphoras | stored under H2O- bursts into flame in air |
| Tellurium | used in dyes, electrical equipment and glass |
| Selenium | is a poison in large amounts |
| phosphoras | in the bones |
| Carbon | found in diamonds- one of the hardest substances |
| Silicon and its compounds | sand is make of SiO2-silcon(silica) and is melted and cooled to form glass |
| Silicon and its compounds | glass is a supercooler liquid |
| supercooler liquid | material that appears solid but lacks cystals |
| pyrex | heat resistance glass containinh Si |
| Carbon | found in graphite(pencil lead) |
| supercooler liquid | found in nearly all rocks, soil, and clay |
| Silicon | very elastic and heat resistant material used in electrical and heat insultion |
| Carbon | makes up plastics, foods, fibers, and fuels |
| Silicon and its compounds | Silicon is used in H2O repellant, lubricant, and synthic materical |
| Silicon and its compounds | used in gringstones and sandpaper |
| germanium | gray metalloid -poor conductor |
| Carbon | makes up coal and charcoal |
| asbestos | fibrous mareial made of chains of silicatesonce thought to be the universal insulator cuz it insulated so well and was fire resistant so they coaled cellings and pipes w/ it - now it is seen as a health hazard |
| germanium | used in semiconductors |
| tin | silvery white metal |
| Silicon and its compounds | hard, gray, non-metal |
| tin | malleable- used to coat other metals |
| Carbon | present in all things |
| tin | not very reactive |
| Carbon | burns to form Co -carbon monoxide and Co2 - carbon dioxide |
| tin | used in fabric industry to dye cloth, fireproof cotten and add weight to silk |
| lead | soft, densem gray, metal |
| Silicon and its compounds | silicon and oxygen make up 75% of crust |
| tin | SnF2 is the compound in tooth paste to prevent decay |
| lead | was in paints gas to prevent corrosion |
| Carbon | Co kills cuz it combines w/ hemoglobinin blood preventing oxygen from bonding and suffocating cells |
| lead | no longer used cuz it's poisonous |
| Carbon | Co2 makes up .04% of air |
| Silicon and its compounds | and most abundent element on Earth |
| Carbon | soft drinks are carbonated cuz Co2 is dissolved in them |
| Carbon | Co2 is used by plants for food |
| Carbon | dry ice is solid Co2- it sublumation |
