| A | B |
|---|
| DNA | Hereditary material that provides instructions for making proteins. |
| nucleotides | Subunits of DNA - sugar, phosphate, & a base. |
| adenine | Combines with sugar & phosphate to form a nucleotide; pairs with thymine. |
| thymine | Combines with sugar & phosphate to form a nucleotide; pairs with adenine. |
| guanine | Combines with sugar & phosphate to form a nucleotide; pairs with cytosine. |
| cytosine | Combines with sugar & phosphate to form a nucleotide; pairs with guanine. |
| Chargaff's rules | Amount of adenine equals thymine; amount of cytosine equals guanine. |
| Rosalind Franklin | Used X-ray diffraction;suggested DNA has spiral shape. |
| Watson and Crick | Concluded DNA has double helix shape. |
| incomplete dominance | Each allele has its own degree of influence. |
| ribosome | Where amino acids assemble to make proteins. |
| proteins | Chemical messengers; help determine your characteristics. |
| mutation | Change in the order of bases in DNA; deletion, insertion, substitution. |
| mutagen | Anything that can cause a mutation in DNA. |
| pedigree | Tool for tracing a trait through generations of a family. |
| selective breeding | Organisms with certain desired characteristics are mated. |
| genetic engineering | Transferring genes from one organism to another. |
| double helix | Structure of DNA; twisted ladder. |
| substitution | Incorrect base replaces a correct base in a DNA sequence. |
| deletion | A base is left out of a DNA sequence. |
| insertion | Incorrect base is added to a DNA sequence. |
