| A | B |
|---|
| nutrients | substances in foods that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth and repair |
| six kinds of nutrients | proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, water |
| organic nutrients | contain carbon: proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins and fats |
| inorganic nutrients | contain no carbon: minerals and water |
| proteins | large molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur; made up of large number of amino acids |
| amino acids | building blocks of protein |
| essential amino acids | the 8 amino acids (out of the 20 that your body needs) that your body cannot make and must be consumed |
| carbohydrates | usually the main source of energy for your body; 3 types: sugar, starch, fiber |
| simple carbohydrates | sugars |
| complex carbohydrates | starches and fiber (body cannot digest fiber) |
| fats | also called lipids; provide energy and help body absorb vitamins; good storage unit for energy; saturated vs. unsaturated |
| vitamins | organic nutrients needed in small quantities for growth, regulating body functions and preventing some diseases |
| minerals | regulate many chemical reactions in body. |
| 5 food groups | groups that contain the same type of nutrients; bread and cereal; vegetable, fruit, milk, meat |
| digestion | process that breaks down food into small molecules so they can be absorbed and moved into the blood. |
| mechanical digestion | takes place when food is chewed, mixed and churned |
| chemical digestion | occurs when chemical reactions occur that break down large molecules of food into smaller ones |
| enzyme | type of protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction in the body |
| 2 parts of digestive system | digestive tract and accessory organs |
| major organs of the digestive tract | mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus |
| accessory organs of the digestive tract | tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas; important for mechanical and chemical digestion |
| peristalsis | waves of muscle contractions that help move food through the digestive tract |
| chyme | thin, watery liquid that is the product of digestion in the stomach |
| villi | fingerlike projections from the wall of the small intestine that greatly increase the surface area for nutrient absorption |
| small intestine | where nutrients are absorbed |
| large intestine | where water is absorbed form the undigested chyme |
| mouth | where digestion begins; teeth grind and tongue mixes food with saliva |
| esophagus | path from mouth to stomach |
| stomach | muscular bag in which mechanical and chemical digestion take place, turning food into chyme |
