| A | B |
|---|
| acropolis | hill in ancient Greece |
| agriculture | raising crops & animals for human use |
| aqueduct | high arched structure to carry water |
| armada | fleet of warships |
| artifact | object made by someone in the past |
| bilingual | able to speask 2 languages |
| boycott | protest by refusing to buy from a company |
| census | a count of all people living in a place |
| chinampas | floating islands made by the Aztec |
| citadel | walled fort around a city |
| civil war | armed conflict between groups within one country |
| climate | weather in a place over a period of time |
| Cold War | conflict of philosophies between democratic West & communist East |
| compas rose | drawing on map to show direction |
| culture | the way of life of a group of people |
| cuniform | system of writing |
| degree | distance between lines of longitude or latitude |
| dictator | ruler with absolute power |
| economy | managing money and resources |
| equator | imaginary line around the world an equal distance from the North & South poles |
| elavation map | map that shows height above sea level of the land |
| erosion | gradual wearing away of land by wind, water, or glaciers |
| ethnic group | people who share a common heritage of customs, values, and language |
| famine | widespread lack of food |
| generalization | broad statement |
| glacier | great sheet of ice that moves slowly over the surface of the land |
| global grid | pattern formed on a map by the crossings of lines of latitude and longitude |
| harbor | sheltered place along a coastline |
| hemisphere | one half of the Earth |
| hieroglyphics | ancient system of writing using symbols to stand for words |
| Holocaust | the deliberate killing of 6 million Jews during World War II by the Nazis |
| Industrial Revolution | began in late 1700's when great advances in technology were made changing industry and how people lived |
| inflation | period of rising prices |
| irrigation | watering of dry land by pipes or canals |
| Islam | religion of the Muslins based on teaching of Muhammad |
| isthmus | narrow strip of land which connects two larger land masses |
| Judaism | religion of the Jewish people |
| levee | wall built along river bank to prevent flooding |
| loess | fine yellow soil that is easily carried by wind, found in China |
| maize | corn |
| mercator projection | map that shows accurate shapes of land masses and correct straight line directions but is distorted near the poles |
| mestizo | person of mixed Native American and Spanish ancestry |
| Middle Ages | period between a.d.500 and the 1500's |
| migrate | move from one place to another |
| monarchy | government by a king or queen |
| monastery | community in which monks lead lives devoted to religion |
| monotheism | belief in just one God |
| polytheism | belief in many or several gods |
| monsoon | seasonal wind which brings dry weather in winter and heavy rains in summer |
| mosque | Muslim place of worship |
| nationalism | strong loyalty to one's own country and culture |
| nuclear arms race | Cold War competition between superpowers to develop more powerful nuclear weapons |
| oasis | well-watered area in a desert |
| oligarchy | government by small group of citizens |
| oral tradition | passing on of history, beliefs or customs by word of mouth |
| papyrus | kind of paper made from a reed that grows along the Nile |
| peninsula | area of land almost surrounded by water |
| philosophy | study of search for wisdom, truth, & right way to live |
| physical map | map that shows natural features of the land |
| pilgrimage | journey for religious purposes |
| plague | terrible disease that spreads quickly & kills many people |
| plantation | large farming estate where one main crop is grown |
| plateau | area of flat land rising above the surrounding land |
| polar projection | map that shows the area around the North or South pole |
| polis | city state in ancient Greece |
| political map | map that shows political boundaries or human communities |
| quipu | knotted cord used for record keeping by the Inca |
| rain forest | warm, wet forest that receives more than 80 inches of rain per year |
| relief map | map that shows changes in elavation |
| Renaissance | period of great cultural and artistic change that ended the Dark Ages around 1350 |
| republic | form of government in which citizens elect representatives to speak or act for them |
| savanna | broad grassy plain |
| scribe | person who kept records and copied official documents & letters |
| seismograph | scientific instrument that could detect earthquakes hundreds of miles away |
| silt | tiny bits of soil and rock carried and deposited by a river |
| slash and burn | farming method which involved cutting and burning trees to provide ash for the soil |
| steppe | dry grassy plain |
| strait | narrow of water connecting two larger bodies of water |
| subcontinent | large land mass connected to the rest of a continent |
| technology | use of skills and tools to meet practical human needs |
| temperate | mild temperature |
| terrace | level platform of earth built into a hillside |
| textile | cloth |
| timberline | imaginary line near the top of mountains and in artic regions beyond which trees cannot grow |
| trade | exchange of goods and services between people |
| tribute | tax paid often in form of crops |
| tundra | vast treeless plain in the arctic |
| urbanization | growth of cities |
| wigwam | dome shaped dwelling built by the Ojibwa |
| Allah | the Muslim name for God |
| axis | the imaginary line through the Earth from North pole to South pole |
| archaeology | study of remains from past cultures |
| Allied Powers | WWI countries against Central Powers (Germany) and includes U.S., Britain, France, Soviet Union, China |
| absolute monarchy | government ruled by a monarch with unlimited power |
| cardinal directions | north, south, east, west |
| civilization | culture that has developed a system of specialization, religion, learning, and government |
| citizen | person with certain rights granted by his country |
| colony | country under the control of another country |
| circa | from a particular period of time but not from an exact date |
| Christianity | religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ |
| architecture | science of planning and constructing buildings |
| delta | land made of silt deposited at the mouth of a river |
| demand | society's desire for a particular item |
| democracy | government in which people vote to make government decisions |
| globe | a map of the world that is shaped like the world |
| geography | study of the Earth's environment and howit shapes people's lives and how people's lives effect it |
| history | the study of the past |
| domesticate | train animals for use by human beings |
| drought | long period of dry weather |
| map legend (map key) | list of explanations for the symbols used on a map |
