| A | B |
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| ______ produce their organic molecules from carbon dioxide and other organic raw materials obtained from the environment. | Autotrophs |
| _______ are autotrophs that use light as a source of energy to synthesize organic substances. | Photoautotrophs |
| What are three types of organisms that are photoautotrophs? | All plants, some Protists and some Prokaryotes |
| Photosynthesis converts _____ energy to the ______ energy of food. | light, chemical |
| _____ are the major sites of photosynthesis in most plants. | Leaves |
What is "A" referring to?,  | The mesophyll layer of a leaf, |
| What is "B" referring to?, | stomata, |
What is #1 pointing to?,  | a thylakoid, |
| What is #2 pointing to?, | A granum (a stack of thylakoids), |
| What is #3 pointing to?, | The stroma, |
| How many molecules of water are "actually" used and produced to make one molecule of glucose during photosynthesis? | 12 used, 6 produced |
| What is the net chemical equation for photosynthesis? | The equation below shows the net usage and production of molecules in photosynthesis. In reality, 12 water molecules are used as reactants and 6 water molecules are produced.,  |
| Energy from the sun is used to produce the high energy molecules NADPH and ATP during the ______ reaction of photosynthesis. | light,  |
| Energy from the sun is used to produce the high energy molecules ______ and ______ during the light reaction of photosynthesis. | NADPH and ATP, |
| Electrons are stripped from water, producing hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules during the ______ reaction of photosynthesis. | light, |
| Electrons are stripped from _____, producing hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules during the light reaction of photosynthesis. | water |
| _______ are stripped from water, producing hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules during the light reaction of photosynthesis. | electrons, |
| Electrons are stripped from water, producing _________ and ________ molecules during the light reaction of photosynthesis. | hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules, |
| The _____ reaction of photosynthesis takes place on the thylakoid membrane. | light, |
| The light reaction of photosynthesis takes place on the _________. | thylakoid, |
| The _______ cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast. | Calvin |
| The Calvin Cycle takes place in the ______ of the chloroplast. | stroma |
Which molecule belongs in the "A" spot?,  | water,  |
| Which molecule belongs in the "B" spot?, | oxygen, |
| Which molecule belongs in the "C" spot?, | carbon dioxide, |
| Which molecule belongs in the "D" spot?, | [CH2O] This is the generic formula for a carbohydrate. The actual carb that exits the Calvin cycle is a triose sugar called Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). This molecule can be linked to form glucose, sucrose, or starch. Or it can be used as raw material to make amino acids and lipids., |
| Which molecules belongs in the "E" spot?, | NADP+ and ADP and P, |
| Which molecule belongs in the "F" spot?, | NADPH and ATP, |
What is "A" pointing to?,  | photosystem I (a.k.a. P700), |
| What is "B" pointing to?, | NADP+ reductase, |
| What is "C" pointing to?, | NADP+ (NADPH), |
| What is the final electron receptor in the light reaction of photosynthesis? | NADP+ |
| What supplies electrons to the electron transport chain of photosynthesis? | Water (when it is split) |
| Where do hydrogen ions end up when they are moved by active transport during the light reaction of photosynthesis? | inside the thylakoid space |
| In which direction do protons (aka - hydrogen ions) flow through ATP synthase in the light reaction of photosynthesis? | From the thylokoid space out to the stroma of the chloroplast. |
| What is "D" pointing to?, | Photosystem II (a.k.a. P680),  |
| What is "E" pointing to?, | Electron transport chain of photosynthesis, |
| What is "F" pointing to?, | thylakoid space, |
| What is "G" pointing to?, | thylakoid membrane, |
| What is "H" pointing to?, | ATP synthase, |
| What is "I" pointing to?, | stroma of the chloroplast, |
| How is water split during photosynthesis? | With a Chuck Norris roundhouse kick |
What is this graph showing?,  | The absorption spectra of chlorophyl a and b plus carotenoids, |
| The yellow line shows the absorption spectrum of ____., | carotenoids (carotene is one of the pigments classified as a carotenioid), |
| The green line shows the absorption spectrum of ____., | chlorophyll b, |
| The blue-green line shows the absorption spectrum of ____., | chlorophyll a, |
What type of electromagnetic radiation is in the "A" spot?,  | gamma rays,  |
| What type of electromagnetic radiation is in the "B" spot?, | X-rays, |
| What type of electromagnetic radiation is in the "C" spot?, | UV rays, |
| What type of electromagnetic radiation is in the "D" spot?, | visible light, |
| What type of electromagnetic radiation is in the "E" spot?, | infrared, |
| What type of electromagnetic radiation is in the "F" spot?, | microwaves, |
| What type of electromagnetic radiation is in the "G" spot?, | radiowaves, |
| Visible light has a wavelength range between ______ at the violet end and _____ at the red end., | 380 nanometers (violet end), 750 nm at the red end, |
| Violet light has ____ energy, _____ wavelength and ______ frequency compared to red light., | violet light has greater energy, shorter wavelength and higher frequency compared to red light, |
| The frequency of electromagnetic radiation is inversely proportional to ______ but directly proportional to _____. | frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength but directly proportional to the energy of the ray. |
| Where do the ATP and NADPH that are produced during the light reaction head next? | the Calvin Cycle |
| What are two other names for the Calvin Cycle? | Dark reactions, light independent reactions |
| The light reaction converts light energy to the chemical energy of ____ and _____. | ATP and NADPH |
| When electromagnetic energy hits matter, it can either be _____, _____, or _____ depending on the wavelength of energy and type of matter. | absorbed, reflected, or transmitted |
| When electromagnetic energy hits matter, it can either be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted depending on the _______ and _____. | wavelength of energy and the type of matter |
What is "A" pointing to?,  | Pigment molecules, |
| What is "B" pointing to?, | special chlorophyll a molecules in the reaction center, |
| What is "C" pointing to?, | Light-harvesting complexes, |
The red arrow signifies ______.,  | The wavelength of this wave, |
| Another word for electromagnetic energy is ______. | electromagnetic radiation |
| The Calvin Cycle uses _____ and _____ to convert ______ to sugar. | ATP, NADPH, carbon dioxide |
| The Calvin cycle for most plants occurs during the ____. | day |
| Which enzyme helps fix carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the Calvin cycle? | Rubisco |
What is the name of molecule A?,  | 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA),  |
| What is the name of molecule B?, | 1,3-biphosphoglycerate, |
| What is the name of molecule C?, | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), |
| What is the name of molecule D?, | Ribulose biphosphate (RuBP), |
| What is the full name of RuBP? | Ribulose biphosphate |
| What is the full name of 3-PGA? | 3-Phosphoglycerate |
| What is the full name of G3P? | Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate |
| What is the name of the 5-carbon starting molecule of the Calvin cycle? | Ribulose Biphosphate (RuBP), |
| What is the name of the molecule that exits the Calvin cycle and is used as raw material to build other organic molecules? | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), |
| What is the name of the first phase of the Calvin cycle?, | carbon fixation, |
| What is the name of the second phase of the Calvin cycle?, | reduction phase, |
| What is the name of the third phase of the Calvin cycle?, | Regeneration of the carbon dioxide acceptor RuBP, |
| When the ________ are open to take in carbon dioxide during the day, the plant becomes vulnerable to water loss through ____________ | stomata, transpiration |
| When oxygen concentrations inside a plant leaf increase, the enzyme ______ may bind oxygen instead of carbon dioxide in an inefficient process called _____. | rubisco, photorespiration |
| In the C4 pathway, carbon dioxide is fixed by an enzyme in the outer mesophyll cells called _______ that has no affinity for molecular oxygen. | PEP carboxylase |
| Which alternate method of carbon fixation reduces photorespiration by separating carbon fixation from the Calvin cycle spatially? | C4 (Carbon fixation takes place in the outer mesophyll cells and is then funnelled into the inner bundle of sheath cells where the Calvin Cycle takes place. This keeps the carbon dioxide concentrations high for rubisco),  |
| Which alternate method of carbon fixation reduces photorespiration by separating carbon fixation from the Calvin cycle temporally? | CAM (CAM plants fix carbon dioxide at night and store the carbon in organic acids until daytime when the carbon is funnelled into the Calvin Cycle), |
| Sugarcane and corn are examples of _____ plants (named for their mode of carbon fixation) | C4 |
| Pineapples and most cacti are _____ plants (named for their mode of carbon fixation) | CAM |
| Most plants, including rice, wheat, and soybeans are ____ plants (named for their mode of carbon fixation). | C3 (They are called C3 plants because the first product after carbon fixation is the 3 carbon molecule 3-phosphoglycerate) |
| Many plants that evolved in ____, ____ climates have evolved alternate modes of carbon fixation such as C4 and CAM to reduce photorespiration. | hot, arid |
| Cyclic electron flow in the light reaction produces _____. | ATP only (chloroplasts will switch to cyclic flow because they need more ATP for the Calvin cycle than they do NADPH),  |
| Non-cyclic electron flow in the light reaction produces _____. | Both ATP and NADPH (It is non-cyclic because the electrons start off in water molecules and end up in NADPH) |
