| A | B |
|---|
| princeps | means "first citizen"; title of emperor |
| geocentric theory | theory that the earth is the center of the universe |
| aqueducts | built by Romans to bring a supply of water to their cities |
| gladiators | men, usually slaves, who fought in life-and-death struggles in the Roman arenas |
| Epicureanism | Teaching that happiness comes only as man frees his mind from fear and his body from pain |
| Stoicism | Teaches that the highest good is the pursuit of the virtues of courage, dignity, duty, simplicity of life, and service to fellow men |
| pontifex maximus | means "greatest priest"; office held by Roman emperors |
| synagogues | new center of worship built by the Jews |
| Septuagint | Greek translation of the Hebrew Old Testament |
| crucifixion | painful method devised by the Romans for killing criminals involving nailing the person on a cross. Jesus was put to death by crucifixion according to God's plan |
| monasticism | practice of withdrawing from the world and of practicing strict discipline to avoid the evil of the world |
| hierarchical | a structure of level of authority among the pastor/bishops and church in the empire |
| patriarchs | bishops of the most important cities of the empire |
| augustus | co-emperor chosen by Diocletian to rule the western half of the empire while he ruled in the east |
| caesar | assistant chosen by the co-emperor to help the augustus and to become his successor |
| barbarians | a term the Romans used to describe all those outside the empire who did not share in the Greek or Roman cultures |
