| A | B |
|---|
| earthquake | the shaking the results from the movment of rock beaneth earths surface |
| stress | a force that acts on rock to chage its shape or volume |
| deformation | a change in volume or shape of earths crust |
| shearing | stress the pushes a massive rock in opposite directions |
| tension | stress that streches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle |
| compresion | stress that sqeezes rock until it folds or brakes |
| fault | a brake in earths crust were slabs of rock slip past each other |
| strike-slip-fault | a type of fault were rocks on either side move past each oher sideways with a little up and down mosion |
| normal fault | a type of fault were hanging wall slides downward;tension |
| reverse fault | a type of fault were the hanging wall moves upward |
| hanging wall | the block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault |
| footwall | the block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault |
| fault-block mountain | a mountain that forms where a normal fault uplifts a block of rock |
| fold | a bend in eaths crust when the crust is compresed |
| anticline | an upward fold in rock fomed by compression |
| syncline | the downward fold formed by compression |
| plateau | a land form that has a more or less lvl surfac and in elevated high aove sea lvl |
| focus | a point beneath earths surface where rock breaks under stress and causes earthquakes |
| epicenter | the point on earths surface directly above an earthquakes focus |
| siesmc waves | a vibration that travels through earth carying the energy during earthquakes |
| p waves | a type of siesmic waves that compresses and expands the ground |
| s waves | a type of siesmic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side |
| suface waves | a type of siesmic waves that forms when p and s waves reach earths surface |
| siesmopraph | a divice that records ground movment caused by siesmic waves as they move through earth |
| magnitude | the measurment of an earthquakes strangth based on siesmic waves and movment alond faults |
| mericalli scale | a scale that rates earthquakes occording to the entensity and how much damage |
| richter scale | a scale that rates siesmic waves as measures by particular type of siesmigraph |
| movment magnitude scale | a scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released |
| liqifaction | the prosses in which earthquakes vilent movment sudenly turns loose siol into mud |
| aftershock | an earthquake that occers after a bigger one |
| tsunami | a giant wave caused by an earthquake |
| base-isolated bearing | a building mounted on bearings dsiged to obsorb the energy from an earthquake |
| what are the 3 types of stress in rock? | 1:Sheering 2:tesion 3:compression |
| discribe the movements that occur along each 3 types of faults? | 1: strike-slip fault; the rock on each side slips past each other 2:Normal fault; the hanging wall moves up 3: Reverse fault; the footwall goes up. |
| how does eath's surface change as a result of movement along faults? | Mountains and plateaus form |
| how does the energy from an earthquake reach earth's surface | siesmic waves |
| Describe the 3 types of siesmic waves? | P waves: press and expand the ground like an acordian Swaves:it moves in a side to side or up and down motion |
| what system do geologists use today for reaing earthqaukes | Moment magitudes scale, mercalli and richter scales |
| Explain how liquifaction occurs and how it causes dammage | the siesmic wave maves water in siol rise to the surface and sinks buildings. |
| what can resedents do to resist the risk of earthquake damage? | to put a base isolated bearing in there home |
| describe safty measures? | put hands over neck and go under a table with your back agianst the windows or glass |
| where would you aviod developement.where would it be safe? | it would be safe on a sold rock foundation and it would be dangers on a wet siol/sand foundation |
| what equitmant do geoligist use to moniter the movments of a fualt | 1;water tube tilt meter 2; laser ranging devise |
| what two factors do geoligist consider when ditermening earthquake risk a region | by locating were fualts are active and were earthquake s have occerd |
| explian how satellites can be used to collect data on earthquake fualts | they make many images of the fualt so we can learn more about them |
| KNOW!!! | KNOW!!! |
| which siesmic wave arives first second and last during an earthquake | 1: p waves 2: s waves 3: surface waves |
| which siesmic wave is the fastest and which is the slowest | pwaves are the fastest and surface waves are the slowest |
| how do each siesmic waves move | p waves move in expanding and commpresing and s waves go in up and down and side to side motios |
| which kind of wave can moe through liquids and solids and witch can only go through solid | Both: pwaves Solids: Swaves |
| waht is the difference between focus and epicenter | focus is in the fault and epicenter in on the suface above the focus |
| what are the 3 types of stress and what type of fault does each make | sheering:strike slip compression: normal Tension: reverse |
| how do u protect yourslef during an earthquake | put hand on neck and go under table. |
| why are earthquakes so common along the pacifac coastline | the pacifac and north american plate push at eachother at a transform boudry. |
| FACT | remember that siesmologists measure how far the siesmic waves are from 3 recoring stations to pind the epicenter of an earthquake |
| FACT | scientists cannot predict exactly when or where an earthquake will occur |
