| A | B |
|---|
| The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the letter ___. | n |
| A carrot has a diploid number of 18. What is it's haploid number? | 9 |
| Gametes are normally produced by the process of ___. | meiosis, 
|
| Another word for sex cell is ___. | gamete |
| What are the two main types of gametes? | sperm and egg |
| During which stage of meiosis do chromosomes form tetrads? | prophase I |
| During which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell? | metaphase I |
| During which stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate from each other? | anaphase II |
| What happens between meiosis I and meiosis II that reduces the number of chromosomes? | DNA replication does not occur. |
| When does DNA replication occur during meiosis? | Interphase I only (remember, there is no interphase II) |
| What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans? | 46 (also written as 2n=46) |
| What is the haploid number for humans? | 23 (also written as n=23) |
| The sex cells of fruit flies have 4 chromosomes each. What is the diploid number of chromosomes for fruit flies? | 8 (remember the diploid number is always twice the haploid number) |
| _________ chromosomes are chromosomes that have the same types of genes, but are not identical. | Homologous,
|
| _________ are chromosomes that have the same types of genes, and are identical. | Sister chromatids |
| A _____ is a segment of DNA that has the instructions for making one protein. | gene |
| When two homologous chromosomes are lined up right next to each other during meiosis, they are referred to as a ___. | tetrad |
| An organism's gametes have ___ the number of chromosomes as are found in the organism's body cells. | half |
| During which stage of meiosis might crossing over occur? | prophase I |
| When homologous chromosomes are lined up next to each other during meiosis, they might swap pieces of DNA. This phenomenon is called ___. | crossing over |
| Crossing over during meiosis is important because it increases ___. | genetic variation (= the number of different chromosomes, and therefore different combinations of traits, that offspring can inherit) |
Which diagram is mitosis and which is meiosis?,  | Mitosis is on the left and meiosis is on the right., |
When chromosomes are lined up like this during meiosis, what are they referred to as?,  | A tetrad, |
Which process from meiosis is shown below and during which stage would it occur?,  | The picture shows "crossing over" and it usually happens during prophase I., |
| The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is called _______ or ________. | inheritance or heredity |
| The scientific study of heredity is called ______. | genetics |
| The fusion of sperm and egg is called _____. | fertilization |
| Segments of DNA that act as hereditary units are called ____. | genes |
| Reproductive cells are called _____. | gametes (they are also called sex cells and include the egg and sperm) |
| The DNA of eukaryotes is subdivided into _____ within the nucleus of the cell. | chromosomes |
| Most human cells have ____ chromosomes. | 46 |
| How many DNA molecules make up a chromosome? | 1 |
| One chromosome includes several hundred to a few thousand _____, each of which is a specific sequence of nucleotides within the DNA molecule. | genes |
| A gene's specific location along the length of a chromosome is called the gene's _____. | locus |
| Single-celled eukaryotic organisms can reproduce asexually by _____ cell division. | mitotic |
| In ______ reproduction, a single individual is the sole parent and passes identical copies of all its genes to its offspring. | asexual |
| An individual that reproduces asexually gives rise to a(n) ______, which is a genetically identical individual. | clone |
| In ________ reproduction, two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of _____ inherited from the two parents. | sexual, genes |
| A _____ is the generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism. | lifecycle |
| A _____ cell is any cell other than a gamete. | somatic |
| A picture of all the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell, arranged side-by-side in homologous pairs is called a(n) _____. | karyotype,  |
| Homologous chromosomes can be referred to as _______. | homologues,
|
| The X and Y chromosomes are referred to as the _______. | sex chromosomes |
| All chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes are called _____. | autosomes |
| When considering a homologous pair of chromosomes, one came from the ____ and the other came from the ____. | father, mother |
| Diploid cells are cells that have ____________. | both pairs of homologous chromosomes |
| Haploid cells are cells that have _____________. | a single chromosome set (not both pairs of a homologous set) |
| A fertilized egg is called a(n) _____. | zygote |
| The type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in half is called _____. | meiosis,
|
| The type of lifecycle that involves both diploid and haploid multicellular stages is called ______. | alternation of generations (commonly seen in plants and some species of algae) |
| In organisms that show an alternation of generations lifecycle, the multicellular diploid stage is called the ______ and produces ______ cells called _____ through ______. | sporophyte, haploid cells called spores through meiosis |
| Spores have a(n) _____ number of chromosomes and become ______. | haploid, multicellular haploid organisms called gametophytes. |
| A haploid gametophyte makes _____ through ______. | gametes, mitosis |
| In a lifecycle that has alternation of generations, the sporophyte produces the ________ as its offspring. | gametophyte (by first producing the haploid spore that grows into the haploid gametophyte via mitosis) |
| In a lifecycle that has alternation of generations, the gametophyte produces the ________ as its offspring. | the sporophyte (by first producing gametes via mitosis that fuse and grow into diploid sporophytes) |
| Organisms that have an alternation of generations lifecycle have a gametophyte that makes gametes via _____. | mitosis (remember that gametophytes are already haploid) |
| Sporophytes produce spores via _____. | meiosis (Remember, sporophytes are diploid and spores are haploid. Unlike haploid gametes, spores don't fuse with another cell to become diploid zygotes. They grow mitotically into a haploid multicellular gametophyte) |
| Most fungi and some protists, including some algae have a lifecycle in which the ______ stage is only single-celled. | diploid |
| Most _____ as well as some protists have a multicellular stage that is always haploid (ie - they don't have a diploid multicellular stage). | fungi |
| The criss-crossed regions of a tetrad are called ______. | chiasmata,  |
| The pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I is called _____. | synapsis |
| During _______ of meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate. | Anaphase I |
| During ____ of meiosis, sister chromosomes line up in a straight line. | Metaphase II |
| The picture below is called a(n) ______ ., | karyotype (These are the chromosomes of a male. You can tell because there is one X and one Y chromosome), |
| In humans, what type of sex chromosomes do males have? | an X and a Y |
| In humans, what type of sex chromosomes do females have? | two X chromosomes |
Which stage of meiosis is shown below?,  | interphase (there is no interphase II so there is no need to say interphase I), |
| Which stage of meiosis is shown below?, | prophase I, |
Which stage of meiosis is shown below?,  | metaphase I, |
Which stage of meiosis is shown below?,  | anaphase I, |
Which stage of meiosis is shown below?,  | telophase I, |
Which stage of meiosis is shown below?,  | prophase II, |
Which stage of meiosis is shown below?,  | metaphase II, |
Which stage of meiosis is shown below?,  | anaphase II, |
Which stage of meiosis is shown below?,  | telophase II, |
| Meiosis results in ___ daughter cells. | four |
| During prophase I, homologous chromosomes line up and become physically connected to one another by a zipper-like protein called the _______. | synaptonemal complex |
| The number of possible combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes formed in the gametes during meiosis due to independent assortment can be calculated using the formula _____. | 2 to the nth power where n = the haploid number |
| Individual chromosomes that contain DNA derived from two different parents due to crossing over are called ______. | recombinant chromosomes |
