| A | B |
|---|
| Identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions of a particular homeland | ethnicity |
| A country such as Denmark, Somalia, or Slovenia that tends to have only one ethnicity among its entire population is called a _____ (actually no country is 100% purely the same ethnicity, but these countries are closer than most) | nation-state |
| Sense of pride and belongingness that those of the same ethnicity share | nationalism |
| Political region that has suffered (or is a potential for suffering) numerous boundary changes due to conflicts of differing ethnicities | shatter belt |
| Originator of the Human Development Index (HDI) which uses four different factors to rate and compare the development of all the different countries of the world | United Nations |
| A country that has an HDI of between 0.99 and 0.5 | MDC (more developed country) |
| A country that has an HDI of below 0.5 | LDC (less developed country) |
| Factor number one used in determining a country's HDI | GDP (Gross Domestic Product) |
| Factor number two in determining a country's HDI | Literacy (percent of literate persons) |
| Factor number three in determining a country's HDI | Years of compulsory education |
| Factor number four in determining a country's HDI | Life expectancy |
| The sector of labor force that includes all who are engaged in agriculture (including herding and ranching), mining, and forestry; in the U.S. only 3% of the population is employed in this sector | Primary |
| The sector of labor force that includes all those who are engaged in industry (manufacturing goods or processing/refining raw materials) or construction (carpentry, masonry, etc.); in the U.S. 17% of the population is employed in this sector | Secondary |
| The sector of labor force that includes all those who are engaged in service-type occupations (i.e. education, retail, communications, medicine, cleaning, government, etc.); in the U.S. 80% of the population is employed in this sector | Tertiary |
| Type of subsistence agriculture in jungle areas of the world, whereby the tribe as a whole owns the land and it will only produce for 3 years (then new fields must be cleared by "slash-and burn" techniques) | shifting cultivation |
| Type of subsistence agriculture in semi-arid areas of the world, whereby families herd camels (owning between 10-25) or sheep/goats (between 25 to 60) for their milk production | pastoral nomadism |
| Type of subsistence agriculture prevalent in the warm,coastal areas of E, SE, and S. Asia; water buffalo are often employed to plow the flooded paddy fields where seedlings must be transplanted all by hand | intensive subsistence agriculture (with WET RICE the dominant crop) |
| Type of subsistence agriculture that is common to the cooler, temperate and/or inland land areas of less developed countries | intensive subsistence agriculture (wet rice is NOT the dominant crop) |
| Employers who headed cottage industries in pre-nineteenth century England and paid women a "piece rate" for their production of textile goods | putters-out |
| Originator of the steam engine which launched the Industrial Revolution in England (followed quickly by the rest of the developed world) | James Watt |
| Chemical by-product of the operation of steam engines that became useful for bleaching and dyeing textiles | sulfuric acid |
| Chemical by-product of the industrial revolution that advanced the processing of canned foods (speeded the process ten times faster by raising the boiling point of water) | calcium chloride |
| Expanded extensively in England (and then continental Europe and the U.S.) in the late 1700's to transport products of the Industrial Revolution | canals |
| Originated in England and expanded in the mid to late 1800's to transport products of the Industrial Revolution | railroads |
| Major industrial centers of Western Europe | Ruhr Valley/Rhine Valley/Manchester/Po Valley |
| Major industrial centers of Eastern Europe | Silesia/Donetsk Basin/ Kuznetsk Basin/Volga River |
| major industrial centers of Asia | Great Inland Sea/mouths of Huang, Chang, and Xi Rivers |
| Major industrial centers of North America | Cleveland/Pittsburgh/Detroit/Mohawk Valley |
| A natural process of decline (and ultimately abandonment) of residences in a city (due to various types of tenants throughout the years) | filtering |
| An quietly-illegal practice by some banks of refusing to lend money to build or refurbish in cetain high risk areas of a city | redlining |
| A century ago in U.S. cities this section was home to many middle and upper class residents; presently it is dominated by much poorer residents | CBD (central business district) |
| Where most upper and middle class urban residents have relocated in recent years | suburbs (fringes of a city, usually outside city limits) |
| When wealthier residents migrate out of urban areas, cities have to deal with much less income with which to operate; this all too common situation is known as a low ____________. | tax base |
| Many cities suffering from dwindling incomes have had to resort to this dead-end course of action | service cut-backs (reduced transit routes, limited trash pick-ups, closed libraries , postponed street improvements etc.) |
| Some cities suffering from dwindling income have innovatively taken this course of action, which generates large tax revenues and provides jobs for many unemployed residents | contruction of a new CBD project (such as a luxery hotel, mega office/restaurant high rise, civic center) |
| The concept that people of the same ethnicity have a right to govern themselves; example: Mohandas Gandhi struggled to gain this right for the people of his homeland, India | self-determination |
