| A | B |
|---|
| Jethro Tull | invented the seed drill |
| Samuel Slater | slipped from England carrying spinning know-how to Rhode Island |
| Francis Cabot Lowell | He opened a textile mill in Massachusetts in 1814 |
| Matthew Perry | arrives in Japan in 1853 with a fleet of new steam-powered warships, exposing Japan to the power of industry and forcing them to open their doors to trade |
| industrialism | system based on the use of machines rather than on animal or human power |
| Agricultural Revolution | sweeping changes in farming |
| enclosure movement | began when Parliament allowed large landowners to fence off common lands. |
| textiles | woven cloth |
| crop rotation | rotating crops on three fields insteadh of two |
| domestic system | "cottage industry" when workers produced cloth at home and merchants went from cottage to cottage, bringing sheep wool to workers. |
| factory system | a method of production that brought machines and workers together in one place |
| urbanization | movement of people from rural areas to cities |
| monopoly | total control |
| zaibatsu | the government and industrialists that believed "rich country, strong army" |
| industrial capitalism | system based on the industrial production of goods. It created a new "middle class' |
| partnership | involves two or more entrepreneurs |
| corporation | owned by stockholders who purchase shares in the company |
| trade union | an association of workers with the same skill who unite to improve wages, benefits, working conditions, and worker rights |
| strike | refusal to work |
| socialism | they believe that society should own and control the means of production |
| means of production | factories, land, capital, and raw materials |
| John Kay | invented the flying shuttle |
| James Hargreaves | invented the spinning jenny |
| Richard Arkwright | invented the water frame which used water to power spinning machines |
| James Watt | invented the steam engine |
| Edmund Cartwright | invented the power loom |
| Eli Whitney | invented the cotton gin |
| Henry Cort | developed the process called puddling |
| William Kelly | from the United States and worked on ways to turn iron into steel |
| Henry Bessemer | from Britain and worked on ways to turn iron into steel |
| Robert Fulton | designed the first practical steamboat |
| Samuel Morse | used electricity to invent the telegraph |
| Alexander Graham Bell | invented the telephone |
| Guglielmo Marconi | devised the wireless telegraph |
| Thomas Edison | invented the light bulb |
| flying shuttle | a machine that sped up the weaving process |
| spinning jenny | enabled spinners to spin cotton into thread very quickly |
| cotton gin | cleaned cotton 50 times more quickly than a person could |
| puddling | process which resulted in a pure, high-quality iron |
| patent | exclusive ownership of an invention |
| open-hearth process | a method that used a special furnace to make many kinds of steel |
| steam engine | allowed factories to be built anywhere because it did not rely on water power |
| mass production | manufacture of huge quanities of identical goods at cheap prices |
| interchangeable parts | use of machine parts which are exactly alike |
| division of labor | occurs by assigning workers to specialized tasks as a product moves along a conveyor belt from worker to worker |
| assembly line | method that assembles products in a moving line. |
